Халықаралық ботаникалық конгрестер: алты жылда бір рет өтетін ғылыми жиын

International meeting of botanists in all scientific fields held every six years

International Botanical Congress (IBC) is an international meeting of botanists in all scientific fields, authorized by the International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies (IABMS) and held every six years, with the location rotating between different continents. The current numbering system for the congresses starts from the year 1900; the XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia, 24–30 July 2011, and the XIX IBC was held in Shenzhen, China, 23–29 July 2017. The IBC has the power to alter the ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), which was renamed from the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) at the XVIII IBC. Formally the power resides with the Plenary Session; in practice this approves the decisions of the Nomenclature Section. The Nomenclature Section meets before the actual Congress and deals with all proposals to modify the Code: this includes ratifying recommendations from sub committees on conservation. To reduce the risk of a hasty decision the Nomenclature Section adopts a 60% majority requirement for any change not already recommended by a committee.

Prior to the first International Botanical Congress, local congresses concerned with natural sciences generally had grown to be very large, and a more specialized but also international meeting was considered desirable. The first annual IBC was held in 1864 in Brussels, in conjunction with an international horticultural exhibit. The laws adopted were based on those prepared by Alphonse de Candolle. Regular international botanical and/or horticultural congresses were held but made no further changes to nomenclature until the 1892 meeting in Genoa, Subsequent meetings are as follows in the table below. The "Code" column shows whether a code of nomenclature was adopted. Year City Country Code Major actions concerning nomenclature I 1900 Paris Decisions on nomenclature deferred. II 1905 Vienna Yes First binding Rules of Nomenclature; French became the official language of the meeting; requirement for Latin plant descriptions from 1908 onwards (not enforced); end of the Kew Rule. III 1910 Brussels Yes Separate starting dates for nomenclature of fungi established. IV 1926 Ithaca Decisions on nomenclature deferred. V 1930 Cambridge Yes The type method incorporated; Latin requirement deferred until 1932; "absolute homonym rule" accepted, or "once a later homonym always illegitimate (unless conserved)", which altered the status of many names, including many that had previously been conserved. The Cambridge Code was not published until 1935. VI 1935 Amsterdam English became the official language of the Congress, replacing French. No formal Code was published. IX 1959 Montreal Yes Presentation of a completely reworked list of conserved and rejected names necessitated by changes made at the 1930 congress, Preface by J. Lanjouw Decision that rules of priority do not apply above the rank of family. XI 1969 Seattle Yes Established the International Association of Bryologists. XII 1975 Leningrad Yes Official versions of the code in English, French, and German (the English version to take precedence in case of discrepancy); rejection of species names allowed in a few special cases; organ genera for fossil plants are eliminated, replaced by form genera. XIII 1981 Sydney Yes Official versions of the code in English, French, and German (the English version to take precedence in case of discrepancy); conservation procedure (and rejection) extended to species names "of major economic importance"; fungi starting date restored to 1753 with sanctioned name status established; the types of genera and higher categories become the types of species (i. e., the taxa themselves are no longer types, only specimens or illustrations). XIV 1987 Berlin Yes Official version of the code only in (British) English; later translations in French, German, and Japanese; conservation extended to species names that represent the type of a conserved generic name. XV 1993 Tokyo Yes Moves towards registration of plant names; extensive re arrangement of the nomenclature code; official version of the code only in (British) English; later translations in Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Slovak; conservation extended to all species names; rejection permitted for any name that would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change; epitype concept introduced. XVI 1999 St. Louis Yes Refinement of type requirements; illustrations as types mostly forbidden from 1958; morphotaxa for fossils. Proposals defeated included the BioCode and registration of plant names. XVII 2005 Vienna Yes Morphotaxa and regular taxa for fossils; illustrations as types mostly forbidden from 2007; glossary added to the code of nomenclature. XVIII 2011 Melbourne Yes Electronic publication permitted; registration of fungal names; English or Latin descriptions (or diagnoses) from 2012; the concepts of anamorph and teleomorph (for fungi) and morphotaxa (for fossils) eliminated. XIX 2017 Shenzhen Yes XX 2024 Madrid
Spain The 2023 IBC in Brazil was cancelled due to the pandemic. It will be held in Madrid in July 2024. Details to follow soon.

The Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) is a permanent committee of the IBC, appointed to discuss the international rules applied to fungi, especially their taxonomy. The members of the NCF are elected every six years. The internationally agreed rules that regulate how fungi are named are examined and revised at each International Botanical Congress, held every six years. As of 2021, Scott Alan Redhead chairs the committee.