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Diet that limits stool

A low residue diet is a diet intended to reduce certain constituents of the bowel, often with consequence for functional behaviour of the bowel. It may be prescribed for patients with ailments or functional gastrointestinal disorders mitigated by fewer and smaller bowel movements each day. The diet may be used as part of the bowel preparation before a diagnostic procedure such as colonoscopy or as a short term therapy for acute stages of gastrointestinal illnesses such as Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, and ulcerative colitis. In addition, a low residue diet is often prescribed before and/or after abdominal surgery or cancer treatments. A low fiber diet is a low residue diet eliminating dietary fiber in particular. The terms are not always distinguished, but when they are, a low residue diet will include additional restrictions on foods such as dairy products, which do not contain fiber but do develop residue after digestion. If the problem lies with fermentable carbohydrates instead, the patient may be directed to a low FODMAP diet. Some monotrophic diets, such as the carnivore diet, are implicitly low residue, but may also sacrifice nutrition.

A low fiber diet is not a no fiber diet. A 2015 review article recommends less than 10 grams of fiber per day. because of evidence that it performs at least as well for bowel cleansing and is associated with better patient satisfaction.

A 2016 review of the research found that a semi elemental whey hydrolyzed protein (WHP) diet is superior for treatment of Crohn's disease.

While a low fiber diet is generally used for acute diverticulitis, the NIH guidelines recommend a high fiber diet for patients with diverticulosis (a condition that may lead to diverticulitis). A Mayo Clinic review from 2011 showed that a high fiber diet can prevent diverticular disease.

In preparation for long duration toiletless military flights, the crew is sometimes instructed to have a low residue meal as their last meal before the flight. For example, this was the case with Blackbird pilots.

Most sources treat low fiber and low residue diets as identical, but some make a distinction based on the difference between fiber and residue. Dietary fiber is the indigestible part of food made from plants. Residue includes not only fiber but also other materials found in the colon after digestion. When this distinction is made, a low fiber diet simply reduces fiber intake by eliminating or limiting high fiber foods such as raw fruits and vegetables. A low residue diet includes restrictions on foods such as dairy products, which do not contain fiber but do develop residue after digestion. The American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' removed the low residue diet from its Nutrition Care Manual because there is no scientifically accepted quantitative definition of residue and there is no method to determine the residue produced by a food.