Тамақтану және диетология академиясының тарихы мен мақсаты

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics was founded in 1917 in Cleveland, Ohio, by a group of women led by Lenna F. Cooper and the Academy's first president, Lulu G. Graves, for the purpose helping the government conserve food and improve public health during World War I. It is now headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The original mission of the Academy was in part to help make maximal use of America's food resources during wartime. In its first year, the Academy attracted 58 members. It remained a small organization, remaining under the 1,000 member mark until the 1930s. At its center are symbols of the three main characteristics of the profession: a balance scale, representing science as the foundation and symbolizing equality; a caduceus, representing the close relationship between dietetics and medicine; and a cooking vessel, representing cookery and food preparation. Around the main design is a shaft of wheat, representing bread, the staff of life, and stylized acanthus leaves, representing growth and life. Over the design is a cornucopia, representing an abundant food supply. Beneath the design is the motto, "Quam Plurimis Prodesse" (means to benefit as many as possible). Around the edge is the name of the organization and the date of its founding written in Roman numerals. The seal is still in use on Registration Status Certificates for both registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered, as well as on the gold member pin. According to current Academy president Sylvia Escott Stump, the group changed their name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2012 to reflect the scientific and academic expertise of its members.

The Academy has offices in Chicago and Washington, D. C. It also maintains several other organizations and entities, including the Commission on Dietetic Registration, Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education, Dietetic Practice Groups, Academy Political Action Committee, and Academy Foundation. There are also several Member Interest Groups that include more than 4,800 members with common interests or specialties including Fifty Plus in Nutrition and Dietetics; Filipino Americans in Dietetics and Nutrition; Muslims in Dietetics and Nutrition; and National Organization of Blacks in Dietetics and Nutrition. Members of the Academy have the ability to get involved in public policy advocacy in several areas, including Wellness and Prevention, Diversity and Inclusion, Nutrition Security and Food Safety, and Nutrition Care and Health Systems.

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the ADA Foundation launched their first joint initiative, Kids Eat Right, in November 2010. This member driven campaign is dedicated to supporting the efforts of the White House to end the childhood obesity epidemic within a generation. Kids Eat Right also has health information based in science and centered around the theme "Shop Cook Eat", which has information about how to shop for healthy foods, how to cook foods with the most nutrient value, and gives the benefits of eating together at home and away from home.

In 1973, the Academy created "National Nutrition Week". The theme the first year was "Invest in Yourself Buy Nutrition." On May 9, 2010, the Academy proclaimed "Registered Dietitian's Day" to honor the "indispensable providers of food and nutrition services and to recognize RDs for their commitment to helping people enjoy healthy lives."

In 1966, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics established its Foundation as a 501(c)(3) public charity devoted exclusively to nutrition and dietetics. The Foundation is the world's largest provider of dietetic scholarships at all levels of study with other programs including awards, research grants, fellowships, public education programs and disaster relief efforts. Funding for various programs, funds, scholarships, initiatives and grants of the Foundation are raised by Academy members, giving societies, legacy, matching and tribute donations, program fees and offerings, and gifts, sponsorships and grants from for profit and nonprofit organizations. The Foundation was given a four star overall rating by CharityNavigator. org in 2018 based on data from fiscal year 2017.

For fiscal year 2019, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and its related organizations reported net assets of $48.36 million. For the same year, it earned revenues of $36,686,239, including $11.03 million of revenue from membership dues, $8.64 million from registration and examination fees, $5.52 million of revenue from programs and meetings, $5.29 million from publications and subscriptions, $2.29 million from education programs, and $1.1 million from its corporate sponsors.

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics publishes position papers on public health regarding pediatric (children's) health, food technology, food safety, geriatrics (elderly) health, health care reform, obesity and food and nutrition topics through the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (ANDJ). The Academy has also published three editions of the American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. Through its publishing arm, the Academy has published such books and guides as Easy Gluten Free, ADA Pocket Guide to Eating Disorders, ADA Pocket Guide to Lipid Disorders, Hypertension, Diabetes and Weight Management, ADA Quick Guide to Drug Supplement Interactions and Making Nutrition Your Business. The decision was widely criticized, with participating dietitians stating "it is just incredible that they would publish it without the most important part." formerly titled the Journal of the American Dietetic Association (JADA), a monthly peer reviewed publication published by Elsevier involved in the dietetics field. Both are educated nutrition professionals qualified to work in hospitals, academia and private practice, and differ mostly in the hours of training and level of college degree required. A Registered Dietitian Nutritionist must complete a bachelor's degree or higher and more than 1000 hours of training, while a Dietetic Technician is required to complete an associate level degree and at least 450 hours of training. About 65% of the Academy's members are Registered Dietitian Nutritionists, and 2% are Nutrition Dietetic Technicians, Registered. In recent years, the AND has lobbied for stricter regulation over the professional licensing of dietitian and nutrition professionals and supported state regulations that would include heavy fines for the dispensing of nutritional advice without the proper license. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics's Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND) is the organization's accrediting agency for education programs that prepare individuals for careers as dietetics professionals. Prior to 2011, ACEND was known as the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE). The Accreditation Council is recognized by the Department of Education and is a member of the Association of Specialized and Professional Accreditors. The council's fees earn the Academy over $1 million per year.

The Academy gives several awards, of which the highest is the Marjorie Hulsizer Copher Award, named for American dietitian Marjorie Hulsizer Copher (1892 1935) and given annually since 1945 to a member who "has contributed to the profession through extensive, active participation and service to the profession of nutrition and dietetics, both within and outside of the Academy". As of 2020, the award, which is the "highest honor the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics bestows on one of its members," has still never been given to a Black nutrition professional. Other awards include the Lenna Frances Cooper Memorial Lecture Award, named for American dietitian Lenna Frances Cooper and given to "a notable and inspiring speaker" who presents the memorial lecture. In 2019, the Academy introduced the Excellence in Diversity and Inclusion Promotion Award in an effort to "recognizes a member who has demonstrated excellence in innovation, creativity, and leadership in the promotion of diversity and inclusion." In 2020, the Excellence in Diversity and Inclusion Promotion Award was given to Dr. Bruce D. Rengers, a white professor of nutrition at Metropolitan State University (MSU). During the Academy's FNCE 2020 conference, 22 esteemed nutrition professionals received honors. Of the 22 awardees, two were RDNs of color and zero recipients were Black. A 1985 report noted the Academy has supported licensing for dispensing nutritional advice. In addition to supporting legislation regulating the professional nutrition field in states like Colorado, Wyoming, Hawaii, New Jersey and New York, the Academy has also applied for patents for its certification titles such as: "Certified Nutrition Coach", "Certified Nutrition Professional", "Registered Nutrition Professional", and "Certified Nutrition Educator". The Academy states that by regulating who can provide nutritional counseling, they can protect their registered members and the public from unregulated advice or possibly inaccurate advice from less qualified dietary practitioners such as chiropractors, yoga instructors, homeopaths, and personal trainers. In 1982, the organization faced mass resignations from members over a decision to support President Ronald Reagan's cuts in food stamps and school lunch programs. The Academy also partners with ConAgra Foods, which produces Orville Redenbacker, Slim Jims, Hunt's Ketchup, SnackPacks, and Hebrew National hot dogs, to maintain the American Dietetic Association/ConAgra Foods Home Food Safety It's in Your Hands program. Additionally, the Academy earns revenue from corporations by selling space at its booth during conventions, doing this for soft drinks and candy makers. In April 2013, a dietitian working on a panel charged with setting policy on genetically modified foods for the academy contended she was removed for pointing out that two of its members had ties to Monsanto, one of the biggest makers of genetically modified seeds. The resulting controversy highlighted the fact that Ms. Smith Edge, chairwoman of the committee charged with developing the GMO policy, is a senior vice president at the International Food Information Council, which is largely financed by food, beverage and agriculture businesses, including companies like DuPont, Bayer CropScience and Cargill, companies that were among the biggest financial opponents of a State of California GMO labeling initiative. The Academy maintains that being at the "same table" with food companies is important in order to exert a positive influence over their products and message, although critics describe this as an "unhealthy alliance" between the Academy and junk food companies. The accusation is that despite what good may come of such programs, it ultimately whitewashes (similar to the greenwashing efforts of environmentally irresponsible companies) the brand's role in the country's food ecosystem. Watchdogs note that the Academy rarely criticizes food companies, believing it to be out of fear of "biting the hand that feeds them." Nutrition expert Marion Nestle opined that she believed that as long as the AND partners with the makers of food and beverage products, "its opinions about diet and health will never be believed [to be] independent." A 2011 survey, found that 80% of Academy members are critical of the Academy's position. They believe that the Academy is endorsing corporate sponsors and their products when it allows their sponsorship. In March 2015, Academy had endorsed Kraft Singles cheese product with the 'Kids Eat Right' label. Due to negative publicity, they entered into negotiations with Kraft to cancel this endorsement. The organization also publishes nutrition facts sheets for the general public, which food companies pay $20,000 to take part in writing the documents. A list of these publications for the general public include:
What's a Mom to Do: Healthy Eating Tips for Families sponsored by Wendy's. Lamb: The Essence of Nutrient Rich Flavor sponsored by the Tri Lamb Group. Cocoa and Chocolate: Sweet News! sponsored by the Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition. Eggs: A Good Choice for Moms to Be sponsored by the American Egg Board. Adult Beverage Consumption: Making Responsible Drinking Choices sponsored by the Distilled Spirits Council. This industry funding also gives food companies the ability to offer official educational seminars to teach dietitians how to advise their clients in a way that advances the interests of the food company. For instance, in a Coca Cola sponsored seminar for dietitians, the speaker promoted free sugars consumption for children as a healthy choice.

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has been criticized for its lack of racial/ethnic diversity and lack of response to address the concerns of Academy members of color. According to the Commission on Dietetic Registration's demographic data as of October 2020, 78% of RDNs identified as White, while 2.6% identified as Black or African American, 3.3% as Hispanic or Latinx, 3.9% as Asian, 1.1% as Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander, 0.3% as American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 0.6% as Two or more races. These demographics reflect an underrepresentation of all minority racial/ethnic groups and an overrepresentation of white dietitians in the profession when compared to the racial/ethnic demographics obtained from the US Census. Black, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, Native American, Pacific Islanders, and mixed race people make up 40% of the United States population, yet these communities make up only 11.8% of registered dietitians in the US. The Academy has been made aware of this issue for many years. In 1984, the Academy (then called the ADA) commissioned a study on the health care of minorities and released the findings in its report, A New Look at the Profession of Dietetics. In 1987, the Academy developed its first Minority Recruitment and Retention Plan and in 1992 appointed a House of Delegates Affirmative Action Committee, later renamed the Diversity Committee. In 1996 the Diversity Committee drafted a diversity philosophy statement and included 'diversity' as a component in its 1996 1999 Strategic Framework plan. Despite the Academy's awareness of the problem and statements of support, little progress has been made in diversifying the profession in the past 35 years, as evidenced by the continued underrepresentation of all racial/ethnic minority groups in demographic data.