Кіріспе
Мазовиялық Лешек (Лешек, сондай-ақ Лестек; шамамен 1162 – 1186) – Пиаст әулетінен шыққан поляк князі, 1173 жылдан өмірінің соңына дейін Мазовия герцогы болды. Ол Мазовия герцогы және Польшаның Жоғары князі Болеслав IV Бұйраның тірі қалған жалғыз ұлы еді. Әкесінің қайтысынан кейін Мазовияны мұраға алды. Бастапқыда Лешек өзінің інісі Казимир II Әділтің қамқорлығында билік етті. Ол денсаулығы нашар адам болды. Ұзақ емес уақыт бойы басқа інісі Миешко III Ескіге қолдау көрсетті, бірақ кейін Казимир II-мен келісуге бекінді, ол Лешек қайтыс болғаннан кейін оның герцогтығын мұраға алды.
Ерте өмір
Ескі поляк тарихшылары, Освальд Балцер сияқты, оны Леско деп атады, бұл қазір дұрыс емес деп есептеледі. Дұрыс түрі "ек" жалғауымен аяқталады. Көптеген поляк тарихшылары "Лешек" нұсқасын қолданады, бірақ кейбір заманауи поляк тарихшылары "Лестек" нұсқасын қолдана бастады. Тарихшы Йозеф Митковский Лешек аты Галл Анонимнің "Поляктар тарихында" сақталған сарай дәстүрінің арқасында пайда болғанын айтты.
In the past historians were unsure which wife of Bolesław IV the Curly was the mother of Leszek: the first, Wierzchosława, daughter of St. Vsevolod, Prince of Novgorod and Pskov, or the second, Maria. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was the son of Anastazja, a princess of Halych and the first wife of Bolesław IV. However, after the discovery of coins on which Leszek noted his parents as BOL (Bolesław IV the Curly) and ANA (Anastazja), it became clear that he was the son of his father's first marriage, as Wierzchosława is mentioned in some sources as Anastazja. Historian Oswald Balzer stated that Leszek was born between 1160 and 1165. He based his argument on a document from 26 April 1177, in which Leszek was mentioned as taking the last place among Polish princes, after Mieszko "junior" (Misico iunior dux). Balzer considered that this meant that Leszek was younger than Mieszko, who according to Balzer was Mieszko III the Old's son Mieszko the Younger, who was born after 1159. Balzer also thought that Leszek had to be at least 12 years old in order to be considered an official witness This date proposed by Balzer had thus been accepted in historiography. However, his argument was refuted as the Mieszko "junior" mentioned in said document was shown instead to be Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (born before 1147), and also that a prince could be mentioned in document as a witness even when he was less than 12 years old. These idea is accepted by some historians. Borys Paszkiewicz considered that the year of birth given by Długosz (1158) could be right.) to Leszek, at the age of eleven or less. The overlordship of Poland, which included the control over Kraków and Gniezno, was taken by the eldest surviving brother of Bolesław IV, Mieszko III the Old. According to his father's will, Leszek began his rule under the guardianship of his youngest uncle, Casimir II the Just. At some time before 1186 Leszek unexpectedly changed his dynastic politics. Under the influence of his entourage and Żyron, he decided to support his uncle Mieszko III the Old. He declared Mieszko III his guardian and made a testament in which declared his cousin Mieszko the Younger, son of Mieszko III, his heir. Shortly afterwards Mieszko the Younger started acting as if he was already the ruler of Masovia and Kuyavia, and so Leszek apologized to Casimir II and changed his testament to make Casimir II his heir. The day of his death is unknown. The Duke Leszek whose death is mentioned in the necrology of the abbey of St. Vincent in Wrocław on 21 November is, according to historians, Senior Duke Leszek the White, who was killed on 24 November 1227. There is no information about a wife or children of Leszek of Masovia. Information provided by Kadłubek supported the theory that he died unmarried and childless According to Vasily Tatishchev, 18th century Russian historian, citing an unknown Polotsk's Latopis, Vasilko Yaropolkovich, Prince of Drohiczyn, was married to daughter of Leszek, duke of Masovia. Older historiography considered this information as reliable, correcting early a crucial fact, namely that Vasilko married a sister, not the daughter, of Leszek. Currently information from Tatishchev about Vasilko Yaropolkovich is considered unreliable. These were not based on lost sources but were likely results of Tatsihchev's fabrications. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was buried in the Płock Cathedral. Długosz could have obtained this information from some lost source, but he could also know this from an autopsy, or it could just be his own supposition. However, this information is considered as likely by modern historiography. Under his last will, his heir was Casimir II the Just. Some Polish historians (first Henryk Rutkowski) considered that after Leszek's death, Mieszko III the Old took control over the western part of Kuyavia. However, there is no direct evidence in primary sources about that fact.
Бұрын тарихшылар Болеслав IV Бұйраның қай әйелі Лешекке ана болғанына көз жеткізе алмады: бірінші әйелі, Новгород және Псков князі Святославтың қызы Вирхослава, әлде екінші әйелі Мария ма? Шежіреші Ян Длугош Лешек Галич ханшайымы және Болеслав IV-нің бірінші әйелі Анастасияның ұлы екенін жазды. Бірақ Лешек ата-анасын "BOL" (Болеслав IV Бұйра) және "ANA" (Анастасия) деп көрсететін монеталар табылып, Вирхослава кейбір дереккөздерде Анастасия ретінде көрсетілгендігі анықталғаннан кейін, ол әкесінің бірінші некесінен туған ұл екені белгілі болды. Тарихшы Освальд Балцер Лешек 1160-1165 жылдар аралығында дүниеге келгенін айтты. Ол 1177 жылғы 26 сәуірдегі құжатқа сүйенді, онда Лешек поляк князьдері арасында Мишко "кіші" (Misico iunior dux) князінан кейін соңғы орынды иеленді. Балцер бұл Лешек Мишкодан жас екенін білдіреді деп есептеді, ал Балцердің пікірінше, Мишко – Миешко III Ескінің ұлы Миешко Кіші, ол 1159 жылдан кейін дүниеге келген. Балцер Лешек ресми куәгер ретінде қарастырылу үшін кем дегенде 12 жаста болуы керек деп ойлады. Бірақ бұл аргументі дұрыс емес екені дәлелденді, себебі аталған құжаттағы "кіші" Мишко – Миешко IV Танглефут (1147 жылға дейін туған) екені анықталды, сондай-ақ, князь 12 жасқа толмаған кезде де куә ретінде құжатта көрсетілуі мүмкін. Кейбір тарихшылар осы пікірді қолдайды. Борис Паскьевич Длугош көрсеткен туған жылы (1158) дұрыс болуы мүмкін деп санайды.
In the past historians were unsure which wife of Bolesław IV the Curly was the mother of Leszek: the first, Wierzchosława, daughter of St. Vsevolod, Prince of Novgorod and Pskov, or the second, Maria. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was the son of Anastazja, a princess of Halych and the first wife of Bolesław IV. However, after the discovery of coins on which Leszek noted his parents as BOL (Bolesław IV the Curly) and ANA (Anastazja), it became clear that he was the son of his father's first marriage, as Wierzchosława is mentioned in some sources as Anastazja. Historian Oswald Balzer stated that Leszek was born between 1160 and 1165. He based his argument on a document from 26 April 1177, in which Leszek was mentioned as taking the last place among Polish princes, after Mieszko "junior" (Misico iunior dux). Balzer considered that this meant that Leszek was younger than Mieszko, who according to Balzer was Mieszko III the Old's son Mieszko the Younger, who was born after 1159. Balzer also thought that Leszek had to be at least 12 years old in order to be considered an official witness This date proposed by Balzer had thus been accepted in historiography. However, his argument was refuted as the Mieszko "junior" mentioned in said document was shown instead to be Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (born before 1147), and also that a prince could be mentioned in document as a witness even when he was less than 12 years old. These idea is accepted by some historians. Borys Paszkiewicz considered that the year of birth given by Długosz (1158) could be right.) to Leszek, at the age of eleven or less. The overlordship of Poland, which included the control over Kraków and Gniezno, was taken by the eldest surviving brother of Bolesław IV, Mieszko III the Old. According to his father's will, Leszek began his rule under the guardianship of his youngest uncle, Casimir II the Just. At some time before 1186 Leszek unexpectedly changed his dynastic politics. Under the influence of his entourage and Żyron, he decided to support his uncle Mieszko III the Old. He declared Mieszko III his guardian and made a testament in which declared his cousin Mieszko the Younger, son of Mieszko III, his heir. Shortly afterwards Mieszko the Younger started acting as if he was already the ruler of Masovia and Kuyavia, and so Leszek apologized to Casimir II and changed his testament to make Casimir II his heir. The day of his death is unknown. The Duke Leszek whose death is mentioned in the necrology of the abbey of St. Vincent in Wrocław on 21 November is, according to historians, Senior Duke Leszek the White, who was killed on 24 November 1227. There is no information about a wife or children of Leszek of Masovia. Information provided by Kadłubek supported the theory that he died unmarried and childless According to Vasily Tatishchev, 18th century Russian historian, citing an unknown Polotsk's Latopis, Vasilko Yaropolkovich, Prince of Drohiczyn, was married to daughter of Leszek, duke of Masovia. Older historiography considered this information as reliable, correcting early a crucial fact, namely that Vasilko married a sister, not the daughter, of Leszek. Currently information from Tatishchev about Vasilko Yaropolkovich is considered unreliable. These were not based on lost sources but were likely results of Tatsihchev's fabrications. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was buried in the Płock Cathedral. Długosz could have obtained this information from some lost source, but he could also know this from an autopsy, or it could just be his own supposition. However, this information is considered as likely by modern historiography. Under his last will, his heir was Casimir II the Just. Some Polish historians (first Henryk Rutkowski) considered that after Leszek's death, Mieszko III the Old took control over the western part of Kuyavia. However, there is no direct evidence in primary sources about that fact.
Польшаның билігі, Краков пен Гнезноны қоса, Болеслав IV-нің үлкен ағасы Миешко III Ескіге өтті. Әкесінің өсиетімен Лешек кіші ағасы Казимир II Әділтің қамқорлығында билік жүргізді. 1186 жылға дейін Лешек күтпеген жерден династиялық саясатын өзгертті. Айналасындағылар мен Жиронның ықпалымен ол ағасы Миешко III-ті қолдауға шешім қабылдады. Ол Миешко III-ті өзінің қамқоршысы деп жариялады және өзінің ағайыны Миешко III-нің ұлы Миешко Кішіні мұрагері деп жариялаған өсиет қалдырды. Бірақ Миешко Кіші Мазовия мен Куявияның билеушісі болғандай әрекет ете бастағаннан кейін Лешек Казимир II-ден кешірім сұрап, өсиетін өзгертті, Казимир II-ді мұрагері етіп тағайындады. Оның қайтыс болған күні белгісіз. 21 қарашадағы Вроцлавтағы Сент-Винсент аббаттығының некрологында аталған герцог Лешек, тарихшылардың пікірінше, 24 қарашада 1227 жылы қаза тапқан аға герцог Лешек Ақ. Мазовиялық Лешекке қатысты әйел немесе балалары туралы мәлімет жоқ. Кадлубек берген мәліметтер оның үйленбей, баласыз қайтыс болғанын көрсетеді. 18 ғасырлық орыс тарихшысы Василий Татищев белгісіз Полоцк шежіресіне сілтеме жасай келіп, Дрохичин князі Василько Ярополькович Мазовия герцогы Лешектың қызына үйленгенін айтты. Ескі тарихнама бұл ақпаратты сенімді деп санады, себебі Василько Лешектың қызы емес, әпкесіне үйленгенін ертерек анықтаған. Қазір Татищевтің Василько Ярополькович туралы мәліметтері сенімсіз деп есептеледі, себебі олар жоғалған дереккөздерге емес, Татищевтің ойлап тапқан мәлімдемелеріне негізделген. Шежіреші Ян Длугош Лешектың Плоцк соборында жерленгенін жазды. Длугош бұл ақпаратты жоғалған дереккөзден алған болуы мүмкін, немесе ол осы туралы мәліметті тікелей қарап білген, немесе бұл оның жеке болжамы болуы мүмкін. Бірақ қазіргі тарихнамада бұл ақпарат ықтимал деп саналады. Оның соңғы өсиеті бойынша, мұрагері Казимир II Әділ болды. Кейбір поляк тарихшылары (біріншісі Генрих Рутковский) Лешек қайтыс болғаннан кейін Миешко III Ескі Куявияның батыс бөлігін бақылауға алғанын айтады. Бірақ бұл туралы бастапқы дереккөздерде тікелей дәлел жоқ.
In the past historians were unsure which wife of Bolesław IV the Curly was the mother of Leszek: the first, Wierzchosława, daughter of St. Vsevolod, Prince of Novgorod and Pskov, or the second, Maria. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was the son of Anastazja, a princess of Halych and the first wife of Bolesław IV. However, after the discovery of coins on which Leszek noted his parents as BOL (Bolesław IV the Curly) and ANA (Anastazja), it became clear that he was the son of his father's first marriage, as Wierzchosława is mentioned in some sources as Anastazja. Historian Oswald Balzer stated that Leszek was born between 1160 and 1165. He based his argument on a document from 26 April 1177, in which Leszek was mentioned as taking the last place among Polish princes, after Mieszko "junior" (Misico iunior dux). Balzer considered that this meant that Leszek was younger than Mieszko, who according to Balzer was Mieszko III the Old's son Mieszko the Younger, who was born after 1159. Balzer also thought that Leszek had to be at least 12 years old in order to be considered an official witness This date proposed by Balzer had thus been accepted in historiography. However, his argument was refuted as the Mieszko "junior" mentioned in said document was shown instead to be Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (born before 1147), and also that a prince could be mentioned in document as a witness even when he was less than 12 years old. These idea is accepted by some historians. Borys Paszkiewicz considered that the year of birth given by Długosz (1158) could be right.) to Leszek, at the age of eleven or less. The overlordship of Poland, which included the control over Kraków and Gniezno, was taken by the eldest surviving brother of Bolesław IV, Mieszko III the Old. According to his father's will, Leszek began his rule under the guardianship of his youngest uncle, Casimir II the Just. At some time before 1186 Leszek unexpectedly changed his dynastic politics. Under the influence of his entourage and Żyron, he decided to support his uncle Mieszko III the Old. He declared Mieszko III his guardian and made a testament in which declared his cousin Mieszko the Younger, son of Mieszko III, his heir. Shortly afterwards Mieszko the Younger started acting as if he was already the ruler of Masovia and Kuyavia, and so Leszek apologized to Casimir II and changed his testament to make Casimir II his heir. The day of his death is unknown. The Duke Leszek whose death is mentioned in the necrology of the abbey of St. Vincent in Wrocław on 21 November is, according to historians, Senior Duke Leszek the White, who was killed on 24 November 1227. There is no information about a wife or children of Leszek of Masovia. Information provided by Kadłubek supported the theory that he died unmarried and childless According to Vasily Tatishchev, 18th century Russian historian, citing an unknown Polotsk's Latopis, Vasilko Yaropolkovich, Prince of Drohiczyn, was married to daughter of Leszek, duke of Masovia. Older historiography considered this information as reliable, correcting early a crucial fact, namely that Vasilko married a sister, not the daughter, of Leszek. Currently information from Tatishchev about Vasilko Yaropolkovich is considered unreliable. These were not based on lost sources but were likely results of Tatsihchev's fabrications. According to chronicler Jan Długosz, Leszek was buried in the Płock Cathedral. Długosz could have obtained this information from some lost source, but he could also know this from an autopsy, or it could just be his own supposition. However, this information is considered as likely by modern historiography. Under his last will, his heir was Casimir II the Just. Some Polish historians (first Henryk Rutkowski) considered that after Leszek's death, Mieszko III the Old took control over the western part of Kuyavia. However, there is no direct evidence in primary sources about that fact.