Рихард Хёнигсвальд: Неокантиандық философ және оның өмірі мен еңбектері

American philosopher (1875–1947)

Richard Hönigswald (18 July 1875 in Magyar Óvár in the Austro Hungarian Empire (the present Mosonmagyaróvár in Hungary) – 11 June 1947 in New Haven, Connecticut) was a well known philosopher belonging to the wider circle of neo Kantianism.

Hönigswald studied medicine and philosophy under Alois Riehl and Alexius von Meinong and from 1916 was professor of philosophy, psychology and pedagogy in Breslau (now Wrocław). There he supervised Norbert Elias's doctorate up to its conclusion in 1924. He also influenced Hans Georg Gadamer towards philosophy after the latter attended a seminar Hönigswald conducted on the philosophy of language. From 1930 he was a professor at Munich. The emphasis of his work lay on the theory of cognition from the point of view of validation and the philosophy of language. Beyond that, Hönigswald tried to develop a method of teaching that would be applicable to the natural sciences and the humanities equally. He also dealt with questions of the psychology of thought and of pedagogy. In 1933, as a Jew, he was compulsorily retired after the Law for the Restoration of Professional Civil Service was passed in Germany. At the time of the Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass) in 1938, he spent three weeks in Dachau concentration camp. In 1939 he emigrated with his wife and daughter by way of Switzerland to the United States. The discovery of the collection of Hönigswald's unpublished writings led to the so called third phase of Neo Kantianism after the phases launched by Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp (epistemological phase) and Heinrich Rickert, Wilhelm Windelband, and Emil Lask (ontological theoretical phase), respectively.