Көне Келт өркениетіне негіделген жаңаша пұтқа табыну

Modern paganism based on ancient Celtic traditions

Celtic neopaganism refers to any type of modern paganism or contemporary pagan movements based on the ancient Celtic religion. One approach is Celtic Reconstructionism (CR), which emphasizes historical accuracy in reviving Celtic traditions. CR practitioners rely on historical sources and archaeology for their rituals and beliefs, including offerings to spirits and deities. Language study and preservation are essential, and daily life often incorporates ritual elements. While distinct from eclectic pagan and neopagan witchcraft traditions, there is some overlap with Neo druidism. Additionally, Celtic neoshamanism combines Celtic elements with shamanic practices, while Celtic Wicca blends Celtic mythology with Wiccan traditions. Each tradition within Celtic neopaganism has its unique focus and practices but draws inspiration from the ancient Celtic heritage.

Celtic reconstructionism (CR) or Celtic reconstructionist paganism is a polytheistic reconstructionist approach to ancient Celtic religion, emphasizing historical accuracy over eclecticism such as is found in most forms of Celtic neopaganism. It is an effort to reconstruct and revive, in a modern Celtic cultural context, pre Christian Celtic religions. Various groups and approaches based on different Celtic religious traditions emerged in the late 20th century in the United States and in Britain; there are also Celtic reconstructionists in Eastern Europe. The study of mythology and folklore was part of modern paganism from its inception, and while many groups focussed on witchcraft, some sought to revive pre Christian religions. During the 1980s, some of these reacted against the eclecticism and the focus on the "spirit" of the ancient religions in favor of "reconstructing what can be known from the extant historical record". Although some Celtic reconstructionist groups only developed an online presence after their formation, the development of BBSs and the Internet facilitated the growth of the movement; A CR FAQ was collectively developed, originally online. as of 2016, Celtic reconstructionism is the third most common form of reconstructionist paganism in the United States, after Asatru (Germanic reconstructionism) and Kemetic reconstructionism. In addition to English speaking paganism, there are Celtic reconstructionists in the Czech Republic and in Russia. In both the United States and Britain, Celtic reconstructionism became an umbrella term encompassing several sub traditions, Many Celtic reconstructionists draw on archaeology, historical manuscripts, and comparative religion, primarily of Celtic cultures, but sometimes other European cultures as well. Celtic reconstructionists are not pan Celtic in practice, but rather study the documentary and archaeological evidence for a particular Celtic tradition. While the ancient Celtic religions were largely subsumed by Christianity, many religious traditions have survived in the form of folklore, mythology, songs, and prayers. Many folkloric practices never completely died out, and some Celtic reconstructionists can draw on family traditions originating in customs from a particular Celtic region. While Celtic reconstructionists strive to revive the religious practices of historical Celtic peoples as accurately as possible, Feedback from scholars and experienced practitioners is sought before a new practice is accepted as a valid part of a reconstructed tradition. The ancient Irish swore their oaths by the "Three Realms" of land, sea, and sky; Celtic reconstructionists use the triple spiral, An Thríbhís Mhòr, to symbolize the three realms. Some practice divination; ogham is a favored method, as are traditional customs such as the taking of omens from the shapes of clouds or the behavior of birds and animals. Celtic reconstructionists seek to be aware of this danger and to participate in living Celtic cultures. Some took part in the protests against the proposed destruction of archaeological sites around the Hill of Tara in the course of construction of the M3 motorway in Ireland, as well as performing a coordinated ritual of protection. Some have suggested that reconstructionism brings a danger of ethnocentrism. Some Gaelic oriented groups have used the Scottish Gaelic Pàganachd ('Paganism, Heathenism') a constructed "Old Celtic" term intended as a translation of "ancestral customs" in the manner of forn sed as a parallel term used in Germanic neopaganism.

Celtic reconstructionism is distinguished from eclectic, universalist paganism and from neopagan witchcraft traditions. Within reconstructionism, there are varying degrees of emphasis on accuracy as opposed to what best reflects the essence of the religion in a modern context. There has been cross pollination between Neo druid and Celtic reconstructionist groups, and there is significant crossover of membership between the two movements, but the two have largely differing goals and methodologies. while reconstructionist groups usually regard "druid" as a culturally specific office requiring long training and experience, only attained by a small number of practitioners, and which must be conferred and confirmed by the community the druid serves.

Celtic neoshamanism is a modern spiritual tradition that combines elements from Celtic myth and legend with Michael Harner's core shamanism. Proponents of Celtic Shamanism believe that its practices allow a deeper spiritual connection to those with a northern European heritage. Authors such as Jenny Blain have argued that "Celtic Shamanism" is a "construction" and an "ahistoric concept".

Celtic Wicca is a modern tradition of Wicca that incorporates some elements of Celtic mythology. It employs the same basic theology, rituals and beliefs as most other forms of Wicca. rather than a historically Celtic one.