Қозғалыссыз ояу синдромы

Condition in which a patient is aware but completely paralysed

Locked in syndrome (LIS), also known as pseudocoma, is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and blinking. The individual is conscious and sufficiently intact cognitively to be able to communicate with eye movements. Electroencephalography results are normal in locked in syndrome. Total locked in syndrome, or completely locked in state (CLIS), is a version of locked in syndrome wherein the eyes are paralyzed as well. Fred Plum and Jerome B. Posner coined the term for this disorder in 1966.

Locked in syndrome is usually characterized by quadriplegia (loss of limb function) and the inability to speak in otherwise cognitively intact individuals. Those with locked in syndrome may be able to communicate with others through coded messages by blinking or moving their eyes, which are often not affected by the paralysis. The symptoms are similar to those of sleep paralysis. Patients who have locked in syndrome are conscious and aware, with no loss of cognitive function. They can sometimes retain proprioception and sensation throughout their bodies. Some patients may have the ability to move certain facial muscles, and most often some or all of the extraocular muscles. Individuals with the syndrome lack coordination between breathing and voice.

Locked in syndrome can be difficult to diagnose. In a 2002 survey of 44 people with LIS, it took almost three months to recognize and diagnose the condition after it had begun. Locked in syndrome may mimic loss of consciousness in patients, or, in the case that respiratory control is lost, may even resemble death. People are also unable to actuate standard motor responses such as withdrawal from pain; as a result, testing often requires making requests of the patient such as blinking or vertical eye movement. Brain imaging may provide additional indicators of locked in syndrome, as brain imaging provides clues as to whether or not brain function has been lost. Additionally, an EEG can allow the observation of sleep wake patterns indicating that the patient is not unconscious but simply unable to move.

Neither a standard treatment nor a cure is available. Stimulation of muscle reflexes with electrodes (NMES) has been known to help patients regain some muscle function. Other courses of treatment are often symptomatic. Assistive computer interface technologies such as Dasher, combined with eye tracking, may be used to help people with LIS communicate with their environment.

It is extremely rare for any significant motor function to return, with the majority of locked in syndrome patients never regaining motor control. However, some people with the condition continue to live for extended periods of time, while in exceptional cases, like that of Kerry Pink, Gareth Shepherd, Jacob Haendel, Kate Allatt, and Jessica Wegbrans, a near full recovery may be achieved with intensive physical therapy.

New brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) may provide future remedies. One effort in 2002 allowed a fully locked in patient to answer yes or no questions. In 2006, researchers created and successfully tested a neural interface which allowed someone with locked in syndrome to operate a web browser. Some scientists have reported that they have developed a technique that allows locked in patients to communicate via sniffing. For the first time in 2020, a 34 year old German patient, paralyzed since 2015 (later also the eyeballs) managed to communicate through an implant capable of reading brain activity.