Кіріспе
Caño Limón – Coveñas құбыр жолы – Колумбиядағы шикі мұнай құбыр жолы. Ол Венесуэла шекарасындағы Араука департаментіндегі Араука және Араукита муниципалитеттерінде орналасқан Caño Limón мұнай алаңынан Колумбияның Кариб теңізі жағалауындағы Coveñas қаласына дейін созылады. Бұл құбыр желісі мемлекеттік мұнай компаниясы Ecopetrol және АҚШ компаниясы Occidental Petroleum-ға бірлесіп тиесілі. Құбырдың ұзындығы шамамен белгілі бір санға жетеді.
The Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline is a crude oil pipeline in Colombia from the Caño Limón oilfield in the municipalities of Arauca and Arauquita in Arauca Department on the border of Venezuela to Coveñas on Colombia's Caribbean coastline. It is jointly owned by the state oil firm Ecopetrol, and U. S. company Occidental Petroleum. The pipeline is long.
Тарих
Құбыр желісі 1986 жылы іске қосылды. Іске қосылғаннан бері құбыр желісі Колумбия үкіметіне қарсы тұратын партизандық ұйымдардың жиі шабуылына ұшырады. Әдетте мұндай шабуылдарға қатысатын Ұлттық Азаттық Армиясы (ЭЛН) мәлімдемесінде: «біздің елде энергия саясаты инвестицияға (Колумбияда) емес, болашақ ұрпақтарды құрбан ететін пайдалану мен тұтынуға басымдық береді» деп айыптады. Олар FARC-пен бірлесіп құбырдың бірнеше бөліктерін саботаж жасап, жарылысқа ұшыратты. Бұл жағдайға жауап ретінде Колумбия үкіметі аймақты әскерилендірді. Бірнеше жыл бойы аймақтағы мұнай өндірушілерге қауіпсіздік салығы салынды, сондай-ақ олар партизандардың қорқытуы мен адам ұрлауына ұшырады. Occidental Petroleum компаниясы да Колумбия әскеріне өз операцияларын қорғауға көмектесу үшін AirScan қауіпсіздік фирмасымен келісім шарт жасасты.
The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline. The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations. Attacks on Oil Pipelines, 2001 20042001200220032004All pipelines26374 179 103 Caño Limón Coveñas170 41 34 17Source: Ministry of Defense, Government of Colombia. In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years. In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.
Мұнай құбырларына шабуылдар, 2001-2004 жж.
The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline. The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations. Attacks on Oil Pipelines, 2001 20042001200220032004All pipelines26374 179 103 Caño Limón Coveñas170 41 34 17Source: Ministry of Defense, Government of Colombia. In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years. In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.
| | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
|-----------------|------|------|------|------|
| Барлық құбырлар | 26 | 37 | 41 | 17 |
| Caño Limón | 17 | 0 | 34 | 17 |
| Coveñas | 9 | 37 | 7 | 0 |
The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline. The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations. Attacks on Oil Pipelines, 2001 20042001200220032004All pipelines26374 179 103 Caño Limón Coveñas170 41 34 17Source: Ministry of Defense, Government of Colombia. In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years. In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.
Источник: Колумбия Үкіметінің Қорғаныс министрлігі.
The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline. The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations. Attacks on Oil Pipelines, 2001 20042001200220032004All pipelines26374 179 103 Caño Limón Coveñas170 41 34 17Source: Ministry of Defense, Government of Colombia. In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years. In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.
2001 жылы құбыр желісіне 170 шабуыл жасалды. Сол жылы құбыр желісі 266 күн бойы тоқтатылды. Үкіметтің бағалауынша, осы жарылыстар Колумбияның ЖІӨ-ін 0,5%-ға төмендеткен. Occidental Petroleum газ құбырын қорғау үшін АҚШ-тың белсенділігін арттыру үшін лоббилеу және куәлік берді. 2003 жылы АҚШ үкіметі Колумбияға құбырды қорғауға көмектесу үшін әскери көмекті 98 миллион долларға арттырды. Соңғы жылдары құбыр желісіне жасалған шабуылдар азайды. 1998 жылы AirScan Санто-Доминго ауылын жау партизандардың нысаны деп жаңылыстырып, 18 желтоқсанда Колумбия әскерінің шоғырланған бомбалау шабуылына себеп болды, нәтижесінде он сегіз азамат, оның ішінде тоғыз бала қаза тапты. Оқиға барлық тараптарға қатысты түрлі сот процестеріне әкелді, олардың кейбіреулері әлі де жалғасуда.
The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline. The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations. Attacks on Oil Pipelines, 2001 20042001200220032004All pipelines26374 179 103 Caño Limón Coveñas170 41 34 17Source: Ministry of Defense, Government of Colombia. In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years. In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.