Веве: История и современность швейцарского города на Женевском озере

Town in Vaud, Switzerland

Vevey (vəvɛ; ; label=former [[German language) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Leman, near Lausanne. The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used. It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera Pays d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French speaking area of Switzerland. Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.

A piloti settlement existed here as early as the 2nd millennium BC. Under Rome, it was known as Viviscus or Vibiscum. It was mentioned for the first time by the ancient Greek astronomer and philosopher Ptolemy, who gave it the name Ouikos. In the Middle Ages it was a station on the Via Francigena. It was then ruled by the bishopric of Lausanne, and later under the Blonay family. In the 1660s, several of the English regicides fled to Switzerland, and many of them settled in Vevey under the protection of the Bernese government. Vevey lived through a period of prosperity after the Vaud Revolution of 1798. In the 19th century industrial activities included mechanical engineering at the Ateliers de Constructions Mécaniques de Vevey, food (Nestlé) and tobacco (Rinsoz & Ormond)
Vevey is a major center of the Swiss chocolate industry since the 18th century. The Cailler factory was founded in 1819. Milk chocolate was also developed there by Daniel Peter in 1875.

Vevey has an area, as of 2009, of Of this area, or 2.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 4.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 89.5% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.7% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 51.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 26.9%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 6.7%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 0.4% is used for growing crops and 1.7% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale Or and Azure, two Letters V interlaced counterchanged.

Vevey has a population of as of 2008, 43.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 16.2%. It has changed at a rate of 14.2% due to migration and at a rate of 3.4% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (12,526 or 77.3%) as their first language, with Italian being second most common (854 or 5.3%) and Portuguese being third (601 or 3.7%). There are 599 people who speak German and 7 people who speak Romansh. as of 2000, there were 6,936 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 6,966 married individuals, 1,065 widows or widowers and 1,235 individuals who are divorced. as of 2000, there were 7,830 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons per household. In 2000, a total of 7,752 apartments (83.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,117 apartments (12.0%) were seasonally occupied and 430 apartments (4.6%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.45%.

There are 14 structures in Vevey that are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The four museums on the list are: the Alimentarium (fr); the Museum de la Confrérie des Vignerons (fr); the Museum Jenisch; the Museum suisse de l’appareil photographique (fr). There are three churches: the Roman Catholic Church of Notre Dame; the Orthodox Church of the Great Martyr Barbara; the Swiss Reformed Church of Saint Martin. The other seven buildings are: the Administration Building and Historical Archives of Nestlé SA; Aile Castle; the Cour au Chantre; the City Hall; the Hôtel des Trois Couronnes; the La Grenette and Place du Marché; the Saint Jean Tower and Fountain.

The Grande Place is dominated by a granary known as La Grenette, built in 1803 in the Neo Classical "rustic" style. Behind La Grenette is the restaurant La Clef, in which Jean Jacques Rousseau used to eat. The table at which he sat is still to be seen in the restaurant. St Martin's Church, a few minutes' walk away from the Grande Place, contains the bodies of a number of those who condemned King Charles I of England to death especially that of Edmund Ludlow who escaped to Vevey after the death of Oliver Cromwell. Additionally, there is a large fork just off the shore of the lake. The fork was originally installed in 1995 as a temporary exhibit. Removed in 1996 and replaced in 2007, it finally got authorization to remain in the lake in 2008 and has become an emblem for the townspeople.

The Confrérie des Vignerons (Brotherhood of Winegrowers) organises the Winegrowers' Festival (Fête des Vignerons) four or five times each century (one per generation) to celebrate its wine growing traditions and culture. On those occasions an arena for 16,000 spectators is built in the marketplace — the Grande Place, which is the second biggest marketplace in Europe, after Lisbon, Portugal. The festivals date from the 18th century; the last five were in 1927, 1955, 1977, 1999, and 2019.

The town is also known for its large market on Tuesday and Saturday mornings. The Vevey folk markets, known locally as the Marchés Folkloriques, normally has up to 2000 visitors each Saturday over a period of two months. (Second week of July to end August). Visitors can buy a wine glass and drink to their heart's content while listening to brass bands, Swiss folk music, and watching traditional craftsmen at work. These Folk Markets are organised by the Société de développement de Vevey.

In the 2007 federal election, the most popular party was the SP, which received 27.21% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (17.86%), the Green Party (16.21%) and the FDP (10.83%). In the federal election, a total of 3,217 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.0%. Many of the Union Cycliste Internationale defamation lawsuits against its critics have occurred under the Est Vaudois district court of Vevey.

as of 2010, Vevey had an unemployment rate of 8.1%. as of 2008, there were 9 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 6 businesses involved in this sector. 1,320 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 134 businesses in this sector. 10,014 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 985 businesses in this sector. In 2000, there were 8,153 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,049 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.0 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.2% of the workforce coming into Vevey are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 25.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 42.2% used a private car.

In Vevey about 5,104 or (31.5%) of the population have completed non mandatory upper secondary education, and 2,069 or (12.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 2,069 who completed tertiary schooling, 43.5% were Swiss men, 29.2% were Swiss women, 15.4% were non Swiss men and 11.9% were non Swiss women. During the school year, the political district provided pre school care for a total of 817 children of which 456 children (55.8%) received subsidized pre school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 1,024 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 852 students in those schools. There were also 92 students who were home schooled or attended another non traditional school. as of 2000, there were 712 students in Vevey who came from another municipality, while 537 residents attended schools outside the municipality. In 2009 the Alimentarium was visited by 61,358 visitors (the average in previous years was 57,530). In the same year the Musée Jenisch was closed for renovations but the average in previous years was 17,286, and the Musée suisse de l'appareil photo was visited by 10,989 visitors (the average in previous years was 11,874).

FC Vevey Sports 05 is the town's football club. Club Aviron Vevey, also known as CAVy, is the town's rowing club. They currently hold the title for the best rowing club in Romandie.

Two hospitals are located in the municipality (Providence, in activity, and Samaritain, under renovation), as well at the Pharmacy of the Eastern Vaud Hospitals (until 2019).

The action of Rousseau's Julie, or the New Heloise is set in and around Vevey. Vevey, and in particular the hotel "Trois Couronnes" is one of two locations that comprise the setting of Henry James' novella Daisy Miller. In Ernest Hemingway's short story "A Canary for One", three Americans—a woman and a couple—meet on a train. Vevey is named as the place where the daughter of the woman fell in love with a local man and was taken away by her family, while the couple had spent their honeymoon there. It is also mentioned in Little Women, the classic American novel by Louisa May Alcott, as the location of the young Theodore "Laurie" Laurence's early studies at boarding school as well as a stop on Amy March's European trip. It is in Vevey where she hears of her sister's death and becomes engaged to Laurie. Vevey was also the place where, in real life, Alcott met Ladislas Wiesniewski, who served as one of the models for Laurie. Vevey is also the lakeside town used as the setting for Anita Brookner's Booker Prize winning novel Hotel du Lac. H. G. Wells' The Shape of Things to Come, published in 1934, predicted a Second World War breaking out in 1940 and lasting until 1950. In this future scenario, Vevey is depicted as the venue of an international peace conference held in 1941, where various prominent diplomats and statesmen gather, deliver "brilliant pacifist speeches [which] echo throughout Europe", but fail to end the war.

The Clara Haskil International Piano Competition is held biennially in her memory. The brochure reads: "The Clara Haskil Competition was founded in 1963 to honour and perpetuate the memory of the incomparable Swiss pianist, of Romanian origin, who was born in Bucharest in 1895. It takes place every two years in Vevey, Switzerland, where Clara Haskil resided from 1942 until her death in Brussels in 1960.

Rick Wakeman, keyboardist for the progressive rock band Yes, recorded the final organ portion of the song "Awaken", and the organ part in the song "Parallels", (both on the Yes album Going for the One), on the pipe organ in St. Martin's Church in Vevey. A further instrumental track, Vevey (Revisited) appears in part on the 'YesYears' album, and in full on the 2003 remaster of Going for the One. Wakeman also used the St. Martin's organ on his solo album (recorded shortly after Going For The One) "Rick Wakeman's Criminal Record" most notably in the final track "Judas Iscariot". Vevey, along with the Vineyards of Lavaux are mentioned in the song Lavaux on singer Prince's album 20Ten.

Vevey railway station, the first station to be "automated" in 1956, is served by several routes of the RER Vaud commuter rail system. It has frequent trains to Blonay, Lausanne, Geneva, Montreux and Villeneuve, among others. The Vevey–Chardonne–Mont Pèlerin funicular links Vevey with the summit of Mont Pèlerin. The Vevey–Villeneuve trolleybus line is the last remaining of the five interurban trolleybus lines that have existed in Switzerland. It largely follows Swiss main road no. 9, passes through the municipalities of Vevey, La Tour de Peilz, Montreux, Veytaux and Villeneuve, and serves a total of 41 stops. Also known as line 201, it operates every 10 minutes during the day between termini at the base station of the funicular and Villeneuve. The number 213 bus line, operated by motor buses, goes up to Châtel Saint Denis and Bossonnens. There are also late night Petit Prince buses. Vevey is well connected on the lake with boats going to all the major harbours like Le Bouveret, Saint Gingolph, Evian, Lausanne and more.