Введение
Национальный герб Чили
National coat of arms of Chile
Герб Чили датируется 1834 годом и был разработан английским художником Чарльзом Вуд Тейлором (1792–1856). Он состоит из фигуративного фона, разделенного на две равные части: верхняя – синяя, нижняя – красная. В центре щита расположена пятиконечная белая звезда. Этот фон поддерживается с одной стороны кондором, наиболее значительной хищной птицей Анд, а с другой – хуэмулом, млекопитающим, эндемичным для Чили. Оба животных носят золотые военно-морские короны, символизирующие героические подвиги чилийского флота в Тихом океане. Герб увенчан трехперьевым гребнем, каждое перо которого окрашено в один цвет: синий, белый и красный. Этот гребень был символом отличия, который бывшие президенты Республики носили на своих шляпах. Под гербом, на богато украшенном постаменте, находится белая лента с девизом: Por la Razón o la Fuerza ("Разумом или силой"). Этот символ является последней из серии изменений, вызванных различными обстоятельствами и толкованиями.
The coat of arms of Chile dates from 1834 and was designed by the English artist Charles Wood Taylor (1792–1856). It is made up by a figurative background divided in two equal parts: the top one is blue and the bottom, red. A five pointed white star is in the centre of the shield. This background is supported in one side by a condor, the most significant bird of prey from the Andes, and in the other, by a huemul, a mammal endemic to Chile. Both animals wear golden naval crowns symbolising the heroic deeds of the Chilean Navy in the Pacific Ocean. The coat of arms is crowned by a three feathered crest, each feather bearing one colour: blue, white and red. This crest was a symbol of distinction that former presidents of the Republic used to wear on their hats. Underneath the coat of arms and on the elaborated pedestal, there is a white band with the motto: Por la Razón o la Fuerza ("By reason or force"). This emblem is the last of a series of variations due to diverse circumstances and understandings.
Первый герб
Первый герб был создан во время президентства Хосе Мигеля Карреры в 1812 году. Он был разработан на основе овала, в центре которого изображена колонна, символизирующая Древо Свободы. На вершине этой колонны находился земной шар; над шаром – скрещенные копье и пальмовая ветвь, а над ними – звезда. По обе стороны от композиции стояли фигуры коренного мужчины и женщины. Над всем этим было написано на латыни: Post Tenebras Lux ("После тьмы – свет"), а внизу – Aut Consilio Aut Ense ("Советом или силой меча"). Эта эмблема, как и первый чилийский флаг, изначально предназначалась исключительно для использования армией. В Чили испанские символы все еще использовались во время чилийской войны за независимость. Когда в 1813 году испанская армия прибыла в Чили с целью вернуть страну под контроль, первые независимые символы были приняты в качестве национальных. В 1817 году появились два новых герба. Первый, созданный в июне, изображал аналогичную колонну и глобус, а над ними – девиз Libertad ("Свобода") и слова Unión y fuerza ("Союз и сила") на тёмно-синем фоне.
The first coat of arms was created during the office of President José Miguel Carrera, in 1812. It was designed over an oval in which center was depicted a column representing the Tree of Freedom. On top of this column was a terrestrial globe; over the globe, a lance and a palm leaf crossed and over these two, a star. Standing, on both sides of the fixture, was the figure of an indigenous woman and a man. On top of everything was written, in Latin, Post Tenebras Lux ("After the Darkness, Light") and at the bottom, Aut Consilio Aut Ense ("By Council or by Sword"). This emblem, like the first Chilean flag, was initially exclusively for army use. In Chile, the Spanish emblems were still used at the time of the Chilean War of Independence. When the Spanish army arrived in Chile in 1813, with the goal of reconquering the country, the first independent emblems were adopted as national symbols. In 1817, two new coats of arms emerged. The first one, created in June, showed a similar pillar and globe, and the motto Libertad ("Liberty") over them, together with the words Unión y fuerza ("Union and strength") on a black blue field.
Временный герб
Два года спустя, 23 сентября 1819 года, в Сенате был одобрен новый проект герба. Он представлял собой темно-синее поле, в центре которого стояла колонна на белом мраморном постаменте. На вершине колонны изображен новый американский мир, над которым было написано слово "Libertad" (Свобода). Над этой надписью находилась пятиконечная звезда, символизирующая провинцию Сантьяго. По обе стороны от колонны располагались две аналогичные звезды, представляющие Консепсьон и Кокимбо. Эта композиция была окружена двумя небольшими лавровыми ветвями с бутонами, перевязанными трехцветной лентой. Вокруг ленты в строгом порядке были изображены все виды вооружений страны: кавалерия, пехота, драгуны, артиллерия и бомбардиры. Завершал герб образ коренного жителя, держащего его над головой, сидящего на американском каймане, одной ногой опирающегося на Рог изобилия. В пасти каймана находился кастильский лев, сброшенная корона лежала рядом, а передними лапами он держал разорванный испанский флаг. Этот герб использовался до 1834 года, когда его заменили другим, очень похожим на современный.
Two years later, on 23 September 1819, a new project for a coat of arms was approved in the Senate. It was a dark blue field, with a column standing on a white marble pedestal in the middle. On top of this column, the new American world with the word "Libertad" (Liberty) over it. Above this sign, a five pointed star, representing the Province of Santiago. Two similar stars, representing Concepción and Coquimbo, were at each side of the column. This combination of elements was surrounded by two small branches of laurel with their buds tied with a tricolor ribbon. Around this ribbon, the whole armory of the country was depicted in strict order: cavalry, infantry, dragoons, artillery and bombardiers. To complete the coat of arms, an indigenous man held it with his hands over his head, while sitting on an American cayman with one foot resting on the Horn of Plenty. The cayman had, in its jaws, the Lion of Castile, whose crown laid fallen on one side and was holding the ripped Spanish flag with its front paws. This coat of arms was used until 1834, when it was replaced with another one very similar to the current one.
Нынешний герб
В 1832 году Хоакин Прието поручил разработку постоянного герба для Республики. Английский художник Чарльз Чатворти Вуд Тейлор был автором герба, включавшего щит, разделенный горизонтальной полосой на синее и красное поля, с кондором и гуэмулом в качестве щитодержателей и тремя перьями в цветах национального флага Чили, символизировавшими перья, которые президент и Верховный директор носили на шляпах как символ власти. В 1920 году к гербу был добавлен девиз «Por la razón o la fuerza».
In 1832, Joaquín Prieto commissioned the creation of a permanent coat of arms for the Republic. Charles Chatworthy Wood Taylor, an English artist, was designer of the coat that included a field party per fess, blue and red, with a condor and a huemul for supporters and three feathers with the national colors of Chile, that symbolized the feathers that the President and Supreme Director used on their hats as a symbol of power. In 1920, the motto Por la razón o la fuerza was added to the coat of arms.
В составе Испанской империи
Эволюция гербов, используемых в Чили (1540—1813 и 1814—1817)
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
В 1540 году Чили стала частью Испанской империи.
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
Герб
Дата
Детали
Щит
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1540—1556 До обретения независимости, как часть Испанской империи, в Капитанстве-генерале Чили использовались гербы Испании. Хотя изначально их использование было лишь номинальным, к 1750 году герб испанского монарха стал изображаться на каждой монете, чеканенной в Чили. На золотых монетах (Escudos) с 1749 по 1763 год изображались большие гербы Филиппа V, а с 1763 по 1817 год, когда Чили обрела независимость, Карл III и Фердинанд VII использовали другую версию, включавшую Парму и Тоскану. Испанская эмблема перестала использоваться в последние годы Старой Родины.
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1556—1558
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1558—1580
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1580—1668
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1668—1700
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1700—1763
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1763—1813
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1814—1817
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1751—1770 На серебряных монетах (реалах) изображалась упрощенная версия, включавшая только разделение на Кастилию и Леон, гранат Entée en point и герб Анжу (с 1773 года она также включала столпы Геркулеса). Кроме того, с 1751 по 1770 год использовался денежный знак Испанской Вест-Индии.
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1920 В 1920 году декретом было официально утверждено использование девиза Por la razón o la fuerza, что привело к созданию современного герба.
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.
1920 Стандартизированная версия, используемая, в частности, во время военного правительства.
Evolution of the coats of arms used in Chile (1540—1813 and 1814–1817)In 1540, Chile became part of the Spanish EmpireCoat of armsDatesDetailsShield 1540—1556 Prior to its independence, as part of the Spanish Empire, in the Captaincy General of Chile the coats of arms of Spain were used. Although initially their use was only nominal, by 1750 the coat of arms of the Spanish monarch appeared on every coin coined in Chile. In the golden coins (Escudos), from 1749 to 1763, the greater arms of Phillip V were shown; and from 1763 to 1817, when Chile became independent, Charles III and Ferdinand VII used another version that included Parma and Tuscany. The Spanish emblem was no longer used during the final years of the Patria Vieja. 1556—1558 1558—1580 1580—1668 1668—1700 1700—1763 1763—18131814—1817 1751—1770 In the silver coins (Reales), a lesser version, including only the quarterly of Castile and León, the Grenade Entée en point, and the Anjou escutcheon, was shown (from 1773, it included also the Pillars of Hercules). Also, from 1751 to 1770 the currency badge of the Spanish West Indies was used. 1920— In 1920, a decree officialized the use of the motto Por la razón o la fuerza, creating the current coat of arms. 1920— Standardized version, used specially during the Military Government.