Введение
Профсоюз работников образования
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
Американская федерация учителей (AFT) является вторым по величине профсоюзом работников образования в Америке (крупнейшим является Национальная ассоциация образования). Профсоюз был основан в Чикаго. Основателями были Джон Дьюи и Маргарет Хейли. Около 60 процентов членов AFT работают непосредственно в сфере образования, остальные состоят из младшего педагогического персонала и сотрудников, связанных со школами; работников органов местного самоуправления, штатов и федеральных органов власти; преподавателей и сотрудников высшего образования, а также медсестер и других медицинских работников. Финансы (отчетность по США; ×$1000)
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
Численность AFT увеличилась во время Великой депрессии, достигнув 33 000 человек к 1939 году. В 1930-х годах в AFT, чьи члены исторически были учителями начальных школ, вступили влиятельные профессора университетов. Также в 1930-х годах Коммунистическая партия приобрела влияние в AFT. С 1977 года AFT издает ежеквартальный журнал для учителей, посвященный различным вопросам, касающимся детей и образования, под названием American Educator. В 1998 году члены NEA отклонили предложение о слиянии с AFT. Численность членов AFT составляет половину от численности членов NEA. В течение 27 лет Шенкер писал еженедельную колонку под названием «Наша позиция», которая публиковалась в виде рекламы в The New York Times. Шенкер был одним из первых сторонников чартерных школ. Во время своего пребывания в должности президента AFT Шенкер дважды был заключен в тюрьму за организацию незаконных забастовок. Сандра Фельдман
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
Сандра Фельдман занимала пост президента AFT с 1997 по 2004 год. Фельдман участвовала в разработке закона «Ни один ребенок не должен остаться без внимания». Эдвард Дж. МакЭлрой
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
Эдвард Дж. МакЭлрой, секретарь-казначей AFT с 1992 года, был избран президентом AFT в 2004 году, сменив Фельдман. 12 февраля 2008 года МакЭлрой объявил о своем уходе в отставку на очередном двухгодичном съезде профсоюза в июле. 14 июля 2008 года Рэнди Вайнгартен была избрана его преемницей. Рэнди Вайнгартен
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
14 июля 2008 года Рэнди Вайнгартен, тогдашний президент Объединенной федерации учителей, была избрана преемницей МакЭлроя на посту президента AFT. В сентябре 2008 года она объявила о запуске Фонда инноваций AFT – частного фонда, поддерживаемого профсоюзом и направленного на предоставление грантов профсоюзам AFT для разработки и внедрения инноваций в сфере образования. В 2014 году Вайнгартен объявила о прекращении пятилетнего финансирования Фондом Билла и Мелинды Гейтс Фонда инноваций AFT.
The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second largest teacher's labor union in America (the largest being the National Education Association). The union was founded in Chicago. John Dewey and Margaret Haley were founders. About 60 percent of AFT's membership works directly in education, with the remainder of the union's members composed of paraprofessionals and school related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals. center|Finances (US records; ×$1000)
AFT membership climbed during the Great Depression, reaching 33,000 by 1939. During the 1930s, AFT, whose members had historically been primary school teachers, saw influential college professors join the union. Also during the 1930s, the Communist Party gained influence within the AFT. Since 1977, AFT has published a quarterly magazine for teachers covering various issues about children and education called American Educator. In 1998, the membership of the NEA rejected a proposed merger with AFT. The AFT's membership is half that of the NEA. For 27 years, Shanker wrote a weekly column entitled "Where We Stand" that ran as an advertisement in The New York Times. Shanker was an early advocate of charter schools. During his tenure as AFT president, Shanker was jailed twice for leading illegal strikes. Sandra Feldman
Sandra Feldman served as AFT's president from 1997 to 2004. Feldman helped craft the No Child Left Behind Act. Edward J. McElroy
Edward J. McElroy, the AFT's secretary treasurer since 1992, was elected president of the AFT in 2004, replacing Feldman. On February 12, 2008, McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten was elected to succeed him. Randi Weingarten
On July 14, 2008, Randi Weingarten, then the president of the United Federation of Teachers, was elected to succeed McElroy as AFT president. In September 2008, she announced the launch of the AFT Innovation Fund, a union led, private foundation supported effort to provide grants to AFT unions to develop and implement innovations in education. In 2014, Weingarten announced that AFT was ending a five year funding relationship between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the AFT Innovation Fund.
Политическая деятельность
С 1980 года AFT и NEA внесли почти 57,4 миллиона долларов в федеральные избирательные кампании, что примерно на 30 процентов больше, чем пожертвования любой отдельной корпорации или другого профсоюза. Около 95 процентов политических пожертвований от профсоюзов учителей направлены демократам. В 2008 году AFT предоставила взнос в размере 1 784 808,59 долларов на кампанию Хиллари Клинтон и 1 997 375,00 долларов на кампанию Барака Обамы. В июле 2015 года AFT поддержала демократа Хиллари Клинтон в президентской гонке 2016 года. Клинтон и президент AFT Рэнди Вайнгартен – давние друзья. Официальное одобрение Клинтон со стороны AFT вызвало споры среди некоторых членов AFT, которые считали, что одобрение последовало слишком рано и не отражает мнение рядовых членов AFT, некоторые из которых поддерживали Берни Сандерса. Членские взносы покрывают значительную часть политической деятельности AFT. В 2015 году четверо учителей из Калифорнии подали в суд на AFT и его калифорнийское отделение, Калифорнийскую федерацию учителей, из-за использования членских взносов для политической деятельности. Истцы утверждали, что профсоюзы нарушают их конституционное право на свободу слова, заставляя их либо поддерживать приоритеты и кандидатов, продвигаемые профсоюзом, либо лишаться доступа к важным трудовым льготам, таким как страхование по инвалидности и страхование жизни. В 2018 году знаковое решение Верховного суда по делу Janus v. AFSCME разрешило этот вопрос, установив, что взносы в профсоюзы государственного сектора нарушают Первую поправку, поскольку они вынуждают нечленов "финансировать частную речь по вопросам, представляющим значительный общественный интерес". В дальнейшем профсоюзам потребуется получать явное согласие каждого учителя, прежде чем включать его в свои ряды.
Расовые отношения
AFT был одним из первых профсоюзов, допустивших афроамериканцев и представителей других меньшинств к полному членству. В 1918 году AFT потребовала равной оплаты труда для афроамериканских учителей, избрания афроамериканцев в местные школьные советы и обязательного посещения школы афроамериканскими детьми. В 1919 году AFT призвала к обеспечению равных образовательных возможностей для афроамериканских детей, а в 1928 году – к включению в школьную программу информации о вкладе афроамериканцев в социальную, политическую, экономическую и культурную жизнь страны. В 1951 году профсоюз прекратил выдачу уставов местным отделениям, практиковавшим сегрегацию. Он представил юридическую позицию в качестве amicus brief в деле Браун против Совета по образованию 1954 года, рассматривавшемся Верховным судом США по вопросу десегрегации. В 1957 году AFT исключила все местные отделения, отказавшиеся от десегрегации, что привело к потере более 7000 членов. В 1963 году AFT активно поддержала Марш на Вашингтон за работу и свободу.
Поделись моим уроком
В 2012 году AFT объединилась с британской TES Connect для создания веб-сайта, предназначенного для обмена учебными материалами, под названием Share My Lesson. AFT и TES инвестировали 10 миллионов долларов в разработку этого сайта.
Прием
В 2010 году четыре американских документальных фильма, наиболее заметным из которых был "В ожидании Супермена", представили AFT как наносящую вред детям, препятствуя развитию чартерных школ и защищая некомпетентных преподавателей.