Введение
Шотландский пианист и композитор немецкого происхождения
Eugen (originally Eugène) Francis Charles d'Albert (10 April 1864 – 3 March 1932) was a Scottish born pianist and composer who emigrated to Germany. Glasgow, Scotland, to an English mother, Annie Rowell, and a German born father of French and Italian descent, Charles Louis Napoléon d'Albert (1809–1886), whose ancestors included the composers Giuseppe Matteo Alberti and Domenico Alberti. D'Albert's father was a pianist, arranger and a prolific composer of salon music who had been ballet master at the King's Theatre and at Covent Garden. D'Albert was born when his father was 55 years old. The Musical Times wrote in 1904 that "This, and other circumstances, accounted for a certain loneliness in the boy's home life and the years of his childhood. He was misunderstood, and 'cribbed, cabined, and confined' to such an extent as to largely prejudice him against the country which gave him birth". D'Albert was brought up in Glasgow and taught music by his father until he won a scholarship to the new National Training School for Music (forerunner of the Royal College of Music) in London, which he entered in 1876 at the age of 12. Also in 1880, d'Albert arranged the piano reduction for the vocal score of Sullivan's sacred music drama The Martyr of Antioch, to accompany the chorus in rehearsal. He is also credited with writing, under Sullivan's direction, the overture to Gilbert and Sullivan's 1881 opera, Patience. For many years d'Albert dismissed his training and work during this period as worthless. The Times wrote that he "was born and educated in England, and won his earliest successes in England, although, in a freak of boyish impetuosity, he repudiated some years ago all connexion with this country, where, according to his own account, he was born by mere accident and where he learnt nothing." In later years, however, he modified his views: "The former prejudice which I had against England, which several incidents aroused, has completely vanished since many years." In the same year d'Albert won the Mendelssohn Scholarship, enabling him to study in Vienna, where he met Johannes Brahms, Franz Liszt and other important musicians who influenced his style. D'Albert, retaining his early enthusiasm for German culture and music ("hearing Tristan und Isolde had a greater influence on him than the education he received from his father or at the National Training School for Music")
In Germany and Austria d'Albert built a career as a pianist. Liszt called him "the second Tausig", and d'Albert can be heard in an early recording of Liszt works. He played his own piano concerto with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in 1882, the youngest pianist who had appeared with the orchestra. He was praised for his playing of Beethoven's sonatas and J. S. Bach's preludes and fugues, some of which d'Albert transcribed for piano. His most successful opera was his seventh, Tiefland, which premiered in Prague in 1903. When Thomas Beecham introduced the opera to London, The Times observed, "the scoring owes more than a little to the discipline of Sullivan; there is also a curiously English fragrance". Tiefland played in opera houses throughout the world and has retained a place in the standard German and Austrian repertoire, with a production at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, in November 2007. According to biographer Hugh Macdonald, it "provides a link between Italian verismo and German expressionist opera, although the orchestral textures recall a more Wagnerian language." The line, however, has also been attributed to others. His later wives were soprano Hermine Finck, who originated the role of the witch in Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel; actress Ida Fulda; Friederike ("Fritzi") Jauner; and Hilde Fels. His last companion was a mistress, Virginia Zanetti. D'Albert was buried in the cemetery overlooking Lake Lugano in Morcote, Switzerland.
Эвген (изначально Эжен) Францис Чарльз д’Альберт (10 апреля 1864 – 3 марта 1932) – шотландский пианист и композитор, эмигрировавший в Германию. Он родился в Глазго, Шотландия, в семье английской матери, Энни Роуэлл, и отца немецкого происхождения, имевшего французские и итальянские корни, – Чарльза Луи Наполеона д’Альберта (1809–1886), предками которого были композиторы Джузеппе Маттео Альберти и Доменико Альберти. Отец д’Альберта был пианистом, аранжировщиком и плодовитым композитором салонной музыки, а также балетмейстером в Королевском театре и в Ковент-Гардене. Д’Альберт родился, когда его отцу было 55 лет. В 1904 году журнал The Musical Times писал, что «это и другие обстоятельства объясняли определенное одиночество в домашней жизни мальчика и в годы его детства. Его не понимали, и он был «ограничен в свободе и стеснен» настолько, что это во многом предвзяло его по отношению к стране, которая дала ему жизнь». Д’Альберт вырос в Глазго и получал музыкальное образование от отца, пока не выиграл стипендию в новую Национальную школу музыки (предшественник Королевского музыкального колледжа) в Лондоне, куда он поступил в 1876 году в возрасте 12 лет. В 1880 году д’Альберт также сделал фортепианную редакцию вокальной партитуры сакральной музыкальной драмы Салливана «Мученик Антиохийский» для аккомпанемента хора на репетициях. Ему также приписывают написание, под руководством Салливана, увертюры к опере Гилберта и Салливана 1881 года «Patience». На протяжении многих лет д’Альберт считал свою подготовку и работу в этот период бесполезными. В «Таймс» писали, что он «родился и получил образование в Англии и добился первых успехов в Англии, хотя несколько лет назад, в порыве юношеской импульсивности, он отказался от всякой связи с этой страной, где, по его собственным словам, он родился случайно и где ничего не узнал». Однако в более поздние годы он изменил свое мнение: «Прежние предрассудки, которые я испытывал по отношению к Англии, вызванные рядом событий, полностью исчезли много лет назад». В том же году д’Альберт выиграл стипендию Мендельсона, что позволило ему учиться в Вене, где он встретил Иоганнеса Брамса, Франца Листа и других важных музыкантов, которые повлияли на его стиль. Д’Альберт, сохраняя свой ранний энтузиазм к немецкой культуре и музыке («прослушивание «Тристана и Изольды» оказало на него большее влияние, чем образование, полученное от отца или в Национальной школе музыки»), построил карьеру пианиста в Германии и Австрии. Лист назвал его «вторым Таузигом», и д’Альберта можно услышать в ранней записи произведений Листа. Он исполнил свой собственный фортепианный концерт с Венским филармоническим оркестром в 1882 году, став самым молодым пианистом, выступавшим с этим оркестром. Его хвалили за исполнение сонат Бетховена и прелюдий и фуг И. С. Баха, некоторые из которых д’Альберт переложил для фортепиано. Его самой успешной оперой была седьмая, «Тiefland», премьера которой состоялась в Праге в 1903 году. Когда Томас Бичем представил оперу в Лондоне, «Таймс» отметила, что «гармонизация во многом обязана дисциплине Салливана; в ней также присутствует своеобразный английский аромат». «Tiefland» шла в оперных театрах по всему миру и сохранила место в стандартном немецком и австрийском репертуаре, с постановкой в Deutsche Oper Berlin в ноябре 2007 года. По словам биографа Хью Макдональда, она «соединяет итальянский веризм с немецкой экспрессионистской оперой, хотя оркестровые текстуры напоминают более вагнеровский язык». Однако эту фразу также приписывают другим авторам. Его последующими женами были сопрано Гермине Финк, первоначально исполнившая роль ведьмы в «Гензеле и Гретеле» Хампердинка; актриса Ида Фульда; Фридерика («Фрици») Яунер; и Хильда Фелс. Его последней спутницей была любовница, Вирджиния Занетти. Д’Альберт был похоронен на кладбище с видом на озеро Лугано в Моркоте, Швейцария.
Eugen (originally Eugène) Francis Charles d'Albert (10 April 1864 – 3 March 1932) was a Scottish born pianist and composer who emigrated to Germany. Glasgow, Scotland, to an English mother, Annie Rowell, and a German born father of French and Italian descent, Charles Louis Napoléon d'Albert (1809–1886), whose ancestors included the composers Giuseppe Matteo Alberti and Domenico Alberti. D'Albert's father was a pianist, arranger and a prolific composer of salon music who had been ballet master at the King's Theatre and at Covent Garden. D'Albert was born when his father was 55 years old. The Musical Times wrote in 1904 that "This, and other circumstances, accounted for a certain loneliness in the boy's home life and the years of his childhood. He was misunderstood, and 'cribbed, cabined, and confined' to such an extent as to largely prejudice him against the country which gave him birth". D'Albert was brought up in Glasgow and taught music by his father until he won a scholarship to the new National Training School for Music (forerunner of the Royal College of Music) in London, which he entered in 1876 at the age of 12. Also in 1880, d'Albert arranged the piano reduction for the vocal score of Sullivan's sacred music drama The Martyr of Antioch, to accompany the chorus in rehearsal. He is also credited with writing, under Sullivan's direction, the overture to Gilbert and Sullivan's 1881 opera, Patience. For many years d'Albert dismissed his training and work during this period as worthless. The Times wrote that he "was born and educated in England, and won his earliest successes in England, although, in a freak of boyish impetuosity, he repudiated some years ago all connexion with this country, where, according to his own account, he was born by mere accident and where he learnt nothing." In later years, however, he modified his views: "The former prejudice which I had against England, which several incidents aroused, has completely vanished since many years." In the same year d'Albert won the Mendelssohn Scholarship, enabling him to study in Vienna, where he met Johannes Brahms, Franz Liszt and other important musicians who influenced his style. D'Albert, retaining his early enthusiasm for German culture and music ("hearing Tristan und Isolde had a greater influence on him than the education he received from his father or at the National Training School for Music")
In Germany and Austria d'Albert built a career as a pianist. Liszt called him "the second Tausig", and d'Albert can be heard in an early recording of Liszt works. He played his own piano concerto with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in 1882, the youngest pianist who had appeared with the orchestra. He was praised for his playing of Beethoven's sonatas and J. S. Bach's preludes and fugues, some of which d'Albert transcribed for piano. His most successful opera was his seventh, Tiefland, which premiered in Prague in 1903. When Thomas Beecham introduced the opera to London, The Times observed, "the scoring owes more than a little to the discipline of Sullivan; there is also a curiously English fragrance". Tiefland played in opera houses throughout the world and has retained a place in the standard German and Austrian repertoire, with a production at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, in November 2007. According to biographer Hugh Macdonald, it "provides a link between Italian verismo and German expressionist opera, although the orchestral textures recall a more Wagnerian language." The line, however, has also been attributed to others. His later wives were soprano Hermine Finck, who originated the role of the witch in Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel; actress Ida Fulda; Friederike ("Fritzi") Jauner; and Hilde Fels. His last companion was a mistress, Virginia Zanetti. D'Albert was buried in the cemetery overlooking Lake Lugano in Morcote, Switzerland.
Клавиатура
Сюита для фортепиано в ре-минор, оп. 1 (1883) Музыкальная партитура
Восемь пьес для фортепиано, оп. 5
Вальсы для фортепиано в четыре руки, оп. 6 Музыкальная партитура
Соната для фортепиано в фа-диез минор, оп. 10 (1893)
Клавирштуки, оп. 16
Eight Piano pieces, Op. 5
Waltzes for piano, four hands, Op. 6 Musical score
Piano sonata in F sharp minor, Op. 10 (1893)
Klavierstücke, Op. 16
Камерные работы
Струнный квартет № 1 ля минор, соч. 7 (1887)
Струнный квартет № 2 ми-бемоль мажор, соч. 11 (1893)
String Quartet No. 2 in E flat major, Op. 11 (1893)