Введение
Эта статья представляет собой сборник цитат и других комментариев об английском драматурге Уильяме Шекспире и его произведениях. Шекспир был признан еще при жизни, но в XVII веке некоторые поэты и писатели стали считать его величайшим драматургом и поэтом на английском языке за всю историю. Ни один другой драматург не ставился на британской (а впоследствии и на мировой) сцене даже близко так часто, как Шекспир. Редакторы и критики изучали как театральные постановки по его текстам, так и сам язык Шекспира. Его произведения читают и исследуют не только поэты и писатели, но и психоаналитики, психологи и философы.
This article is a collection of quotations and other comments on English playwright William Shakespeare and his works. Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time, but in the 17th century, some poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language. No other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British (and later the world) stage as Shakespeare. Editors and critics have studied the dramatic performances of his texts as well as the language of Shakespeare. His works are read and studied not only by poets and authors, but also by psychoanalysts, psychologists and philosophers.
19 век
Чарльз Лэмб, 1811: "Мы говорим о замечательной наблюдательности Шекспира в отношении жизни, когда нам следует осознать, что не из мелочного исследования тех дешевых и обыденных характеров, которые окружали его, как окружают нас, а из его собственного ума, который, заимствуя выражение Бена Джонсона, был самой "сферой человечества", он почерпнул эти образы добродетели и знания, часть которых каждый из нас, узнавая в себе, полагает, что понимает их в своей природе целиком; и часто принимает силы, которые он в нас положительно создает, за не что иное, как изначальные способности нашего собственного ума, которые лишь ждали применения соответствующих добродетелей в нем, чтобы вернуть полное и ясное эхо того же". О трагедиях Шекспира.
Thomas de Quincey, 1823: "O, mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply and merely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like the sun and the sea, the stars and the flowers,—like frost and snow, rain and dew, hail storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of our own faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too much or too little, nothing useless or inert—but that, the further we press in our discoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self supporting arrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!" "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth". Thomas Carlyle, 1841: "Nay, apart from spiritualities; and considering him merely as a real, marketable, tangibly useful possession. England, before long, this Island of ours, will hold but a small fraction of the English: in America, in New Holland, east and west to the very Antipodes, there will be a Saxondom covering great spaces of the Globe. And now, what is it that can keep all these together into virtually one Nation, so that they do not fall out and fight, but live at peace, in brotherlike intercourse, helping one another? This is justly regarded as the greatest practical problem, the thing all manner of sovereignties and governments are here to accomplish: what is it that will accomplish this? Acts of Parliament, administrative prime ministers cannot. America is parted from us, so far as Parliament could part it. Call it not fantastic, for there is much reality in it: Here, I say, is an English King, whom no time or chance, Parliament or combination of Parliaments, can dethrone! This King Shakespeare, does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all the Nations of Englishmen, a thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another: 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him.'" On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History
Victor Hugo, 1859: "Two exiles, father and son, are on a desert island serving a long sentence. In a morning, sitting in front of the house, the young man asks: 'What do you think of this exile?' 'It will be long ", replied the father. 'And how occupy it? ', continues the young son. The old serene man reply: 'I will look the ocean, and you?' It is a long silence before the son's answer: 'I will translate Shakespeare.' Shekespeare: the ocean."
Томас де Квинси, 1823: "О, могучий поэт! Твои произведения не подобны творениям других людей, они не просто великие произведения искусства; но они также подобны явлениям природы, как солнце и море, звезды и цветы, — как мороз и снег, дождь и роса, град и гром, которые следует изучать с полным подчинением собственных способностей и с твердой верой в то, что в них не может быть ничего излишнего или недостаточного, ничего бесполезного или инертного, но что, чем глубже мы проникаем в наши открытия, тем больше мы увидим доказательств замысла и самоподдерживающейся структуры там, где невнимательный глаз видел лишь случайность!" "О стуке в ворота в «Макбете»".
Thomas de Quincey, 1823: "O, mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply and merely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like the sun and the sea, the stars and the flowers,—like frost and snow, rain and dew, hail storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of our own faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too much or too little, nothing useless or inert—but that, the further we press in our discoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self supporting arrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!" "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth". Thomas Carlyle, 1841: "Nay, apart from spiritualities; and considering him merely as a real, marketable, tangibly useful possession. England, before long, this Island of ours, will hold but a small fraction of the English: in America, in New Holland, east and west to the very Antipodes, there will be a Saxondom covering great spaces of the Globe. And now, what is it that can keep all these together into virtually one Nation, so that they do not fall out and fight, but live at peace, in brotherlike intercourse, helping one another? This is justly regarded as the greatest practical problem, the thing all manner of sovereignties and governments are here to accomplish: what is it that will accomplish this? Acts of Parliament, administrative prime ministers cannot. America is parted from us, so far as Parliament could part it. Call it not fantastic, for there is much reality in it: Here, I say, is an English King, whom no time or chance, Parliament or combination of Parliaments, can dethrone! This King Shakespeare, does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all the Nations of Englishmen, a thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another: 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him.'" On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History
Victor Hugo, 1859: "Two exiles, father and son, are on a desert island serving a long sentence. In a morning, sitting in front of the house, the young man asks: 'What do you think of this exile?' 'It will be long ", replied the father. 'And how occupy it? ', continues the young son. The old serene man reply: 'I will look the ocean, and you?' It is a long silence before the son's answer: 'I will translate Shakespeare.' Shekespeare: the ocean."
Томас Карлайл, 1841: "Нет, отбросив духовность; и рассматривая его лишь как реальное, продаваемое, ощутимо полезное достояние. Англия, вскоре, этот наш остров, будет содержать лишь малую часть англичан: в Америке, в Новой Голландии, на востоке и западе, вплоть до самых антиподов, раскинется саксонский мир, занимающий огромные пространства земного шара. И что же может удержать всех этих людей вместе, чтобы они стали практически одной нацией, чтобы они не враждовали и не воевали, а жили в мире, в братских отношениях, помогая друг другу? Это справедливо считается величайшей практической проблемой, для решения которой существуют все виды суверенитетов и правительств: что же может это осуществить? Акты парламента, административные премьер-министры не в силах. Америка отделилась от нас настолько, насколько это было возможно с помощью парламента. Не считайте это фантазией, ибо в этом есть немало правды: вот, говорю я, английский король, которого не сможет свергнуть ни время, ни случай, ни парламент, ни их совокупность! Этот король Шекспир, разве он не сияет в коронованном величии над всеми нами, как самый благородный, самый мягкий, но самый сильный из объединяющих символов; неразрушимый; поистине более ценный в этом отношении, чем любые другие средства или приспособления! Мы можем представить его сияющим в небе над всеми народами англичан через тысячу лет. Из Параматты, из Нью-Йорка, где бы они ни находились, под каким бы приходским стражником ни находились, англичане и англичанки скажут друг другу: «Да, этот Шекспир наш; мы создали его, мы говорим и думаем благодаря ему; мы с ним одной крови и рода». О героях, поклонении героям и героизме в истории.
Thomas de Quincey, 1823: "O, mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply and merely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like the sun and the sea, the stars and the flowers,—like frost and snow, rain and dew, hail storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of our own faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too much or too little, nothing useless or inert—but that, the further we press in our discoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self supporting arrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!" "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth". Thomas Carlyle, 1841: "Nay, apart from spiritualities; and considering him merely as a real, marketable, tangibly useful possession. England, before long, this Island of ours, will hold but a small fraction of the English: in America, in New Holland, east and west to the very Antipodes, there will be a Saxondom covering great spaces of the Globe. And now, what is it that can keep all these together into virtually one Nation, so that they do not fall out and fight, but live at peace, in brotherlike intercourse, helping one another? This is justly regarded as the greatest practical problem, the thing all manner of sovereignties and governments are here to accomplish: what is it that will accomplish this? Acts of Parliament, administrative prime ministers cannot. America is parted from us, so far as Parliament could part it. Call it not fantastic, for there is much reality in it: Here, I say, is an English King, whom no time or chance, Parliament or combination of Parliaments, can dethrone! This King Shakespeare, does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all the Nations of Englishmen, a thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another: 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him.'" On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History
Victor Hugo, 1859: "Two exiles, father and son, are on a desert island serving a long sentence. In a morning, sitting in front of the house, the young man asks: 'What do you think of this exile?' 'It will be long ", replied the father. 'And how occupy it? ', continues the young son. The old serene man reply: 'I will look the ocean, and you?' It is a long silence before the son's answer: 'I will translate Shakespeare.' Shekespeare: the ocean."
Виктор Гюго, 1859: "Два изгнанника, отец и сын, находятся на необитаемом острове, отбывая длительный срок. Однажды утром, сидя перед домом, юноша спрашивает: «Что вы думаете об этой ссылке?» «Она будет долгой», — ответил отец. «И как занять себя?», — продолжает младший сын. Старик спокойно отвечает: «Я буду смотреть на океан, а ты?» Долгое молчание, после чего сын отвечает: «Я переведу Шекспира». Шекспир: океан".
Thomas de Quincey, 1823: "O, mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply and merely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like the sun and the sea, the stars and the flowers,—like frost and snow, rain and dew, hail storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of our own faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too much or too little, nothing useless or inert—but that, the further we press in our discoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self supporting arrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!" "On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth". Thomas Carlyle, 1841: "Nay, apart from spiritualities; and considering him merely as a real, marketable, tangibly useful possession. England, before long, this Island of ours, will hold but a small fraction of the English: in America, in New Holland, east and west to the very Antipodes, there will be a Saxondom covering great spaces of the Globe. And now, what is it that can keep all these together into virtually one Nation, so that they do not fall out and fight, but live at peace, in brotherlike intercourse, helping one another? This is justly regarded as the greatest practical problem, the thing all manner of sovereignties and governments are here to accomplish: what is it that will accomplish this? Acts of Parliament, administrative prime ministers cannot. America is parted from us, so far as Parliament could part it. Call it not fantastic, for there is much reality in it: Here, I say, is an English King, whom no time or chance, Parliament or combination of Parliaments, can dethrone! This King Shakespeare, does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? We can fancy him as radiant aloft over all the Nations of Englishmen, a thousand years hence. From Paramatta, from New York, wheresoever, under what sort of Parish Constable soever, English men and women are, they will say to one another: 'Yes, this Shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him.'" On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History
Victor Hugo, 1859: "Two exiles, father and son, are on a desert island serving a long sentence. In a morning, sitting in front of the house, the young man asks: 'What do you think of this exile?' 'It will be long ", replied the father. 'And how occupy it? ', continues the young son. The old serene man reply: 'I will look the ocean, and you?' It is a long silence before the son's answer: 'I will translate Shakespeare.' Shekespeare: the ocean."
21 век
Дэниел С. Берт, 2009: "Неудивительно, что Уильям Шекспир занимает первое место в рейтинге самых влиятельных писателей в истории литературы. На самом фундаментальном уровне языка, формы и художественного видения, сила Шекспира не имеет себе равных. Если мерилом величия писателя является создание обширнейшей вымышленной вселенной, населенной убедительными персонажами и отражающей всю полноту человеческого опыта, то Шекспир, несомненно, уникален по масштабу своих достижений. Признанный величайшим английским писателем, не имеющим себе равных в популярности и критическом признании, Шекспир также является общепризнанным международным мастером, чья универсальность преодолевает культурные границы". Стэнли Уэллс, 2016: "Его пьесы дают нам наиболее глубокое понимание ценности человеческой жизни, того, как люди живут, любят и насколько важны человеческие отношения, по сравнению с произведениями любого другого писателя его времени или любого другого времени. Пьесы Шекспира столь популярны, потому что он, вероятно, был величайшим писателем, когда-либо жившим".