Введение
Духовный путь в индуизме
Книга Свами Вивекананда
the book by Swami Vivekananda
Karma yoga , also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god). To a karma yogi, right action is a form of prayer. Of the classical paths to spiritual liberation in Hinduism, karma yoga is the path of unselfish action. It teaches that a spiritual seeker should act according to dharma, without being attached to the fruits or personal consequences. Karma Yoga, states the Bhagavad Gita, purifies the mind. It leads one to consider dharma of work, and the work according to one's dharma, doing god's work and in that sense becoming and being "like unto god Krishna" in every moment of one's life. Karma yoga is a path to reach moksha (spiritual liberation) through work. It is rightful action without being attached to fruits or being manipulated by what the results might be, a dedication to one's duty, and trying one's best while being neutral to rewards or outcomes such as success or failure. Within Hinduism, this concept is known as seva, meaning selfless service to others as a means of spiritual practise. The tendency for a human being to seek the fruits of action is normal, state Hindu texts, but an exclusive attachment to fruits and positive immediate consequences can compromise dharma (ethical, rightful action). Karma yoga, states Bilimoria, is "ethically fine tuned action". According to Stephen Phillips, a professor of philosophy and Asian studies, "only dharmic action" is suitable in karma yoga, in which one downplays one's own exclusive role or one's own exclusive interests. Instead, the karma yogi considers the interests of all parties impartially, all beings, the elements of Prakṛti and then does the right thing. However, adds Phillips, there are commentators who disagree and state "any action can be done as karma yoga" and it doesn't have to be consistent with dharma. Quote box
|quote = Karma yoga
Your work is your responsibility,
not its result. Never let the fruits of your actions
be your motive. Nor give in to inaction. Set firmly in yourself, do your work,
not attached to anything. Remain evenminded in success,
and in failure. Evenmindedness is true yoga. |source = —Bhagavad Gita, 2.47 49
According to Phillips, Karma yoga applies to "any action in any profession or family activities", in which the yogi works selflessly to others' benefit. This is in contrast to other forms of yoga that focus on self development and self realization, typically with isolation and meditative introspection. The "disinterested action" idea, states Phillips, is not unique to Hinduism, and similar disinterested non craving precepts for monks and nuns are found in Buddhism and Jainism.
Карма-йога, также называемая Карма-марга, является одним из четырех классических духовных путей в индуизме, основанным на "йоге действия". Другие три – Джнана-йога (путь знания), Раджа-йога (путь медитации) и Бхакти-йога (путь любящей преданности личному богу). Для карма-йоги праведное действие – это форма молитвы. Из классических путей к духовному освобождению в индуизме карма-йога – это путь бескорыстного действия. Она учит, что духовный искатель должен действовать в соответствии с дхармой, не привязываясь к плодам или личным последствиям. Карма-йога, как сказано в "Бхагавад-гите", очищает ум. Она ведет к осознанию дхармы труда и выполнению труда в соответствии со своей дхармой, к исполнению воли Божьей и, в этом смысле, к тому, чтобы стать и быть "подобным Богу Кришне" в каждый момент жизни. Карма-йога – это путь к достижению мокши (духовного освобождения) через труд. Это праведное действие, свободное от привязанности к плодам или манипулирования возможными результатами, преданность своему долгу и стремление сделать все возможное, оставаясь невозмутимым к наградам или исходам, таким как успех или неудача. В индуизме эта концепция известна как сева, означающая бескорыстное служение другим как средство духовной практики. Стремление человека к плодам своих действий естественно, утверждают индуистские тексты, но исключительная привязанность к плодам и немедленным положительным результатам может нарушить дхарму (этичное, праведное действие). По словам Билимории, карма-йога – это "этически выверенное действие". Согласно профессору философии и азиатских исследований Стивену Филлипсу, в карма-йоге подходит "только дхармическое действие", в котором человек не преувеличивает свою исключительную роль или свои исключительные интересы. Вместо этого карма-йог беспристрастно учитывает интересы всех сторон, всех существ, элементов Пракрити, а затем поступает правильно. Однако, добавляет Филлипс, есть комментаторы, которые не согласны и утверждают, что "любое действие может быть совершено как карма-йога" и оно не обязательно должно соответствовать дхарме.
the book by Swami Vivekananda
Karma yoga , also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god). To a karma yogi, right action is a form of prayer. Of the classical paths to spiritual liberation in Hinduism, karma yoga is the path of unselfish action. It teaches that a spiritual seeker should act according to dharma, without being attached to the fruits or personal consequences. Karma Yoga, states the Bhagavad Gita, purifies the mind. It leads one to consider dharma of work, and the work according to one's dharma, doing god's work and in that sense becoming and being "like unto god Krishna" in every moment of one's life. Karma yoga is a path to reach moksha (spiritual liberation) through work. It is rightful action without being attached to fruits or being manipulated by what the results might be, a dedication to one's duty, and trying one's best while being neutral to rewards or outcomes such as success or failure. Within Hinduism, this concept is known as seva, meaning selfless service to others as a means of spiritual practise. The tendency for a human being to seek the fruits of action is normal, state Hindu texts, but an exclusive attachment to fruits and positive immediate consequences can compromise dharma (ethical, rightful action). Karma yoga, states Bilimoria, is "ethically fine tuned action". According to Stephen Phillips, a professor of philosophy and Asian studies, "only dharmic action" is suitable in karma yoga, in which one downplays one's own exclusive role or one's own exclusive interests. Instead, the karma yogi considers the interests of all parties impartially, all beings, the elements of Prakṛti and then does the right thing. However, adds Phillips, there are commentators who disagree and state "any action can be done as karma yoga" and it doesn't have to be consistent with dharma. Quote box
|quote = Karma yoga
Your work is your responsibility,
not its result. Never let the fruits of your actions
be your motive. Nor give in to inaction. Set firmly in yourself, do your work,
not attached to anything. Remain evenminded in success,
and in failure. Evenmindedness is true yoga. |source = —Bhagavad Gita, 2.47 49
According to Phillips, Karma yoga applies to "any action in any profession or family activities", in which the yogi works selflessly to others' benefit. This is in contrast to other forms of yoga that focus on self development and self realization, typically with isolation and meditative introspection. The "disinterested action" idea, states Phillips, is not unique to Hinduism, and similar disinterested non craving precepts for monks and nuns are found in Buddhism and Jainism.
|цитата = Карма-йога
Твой труд – твоя обязанность,
а не его результат. Никогда не позволяй плодам своих действий
быть твоим мотивом. И не поддавайся бездействию. Утвердись в себе, делай свою работу,
не привязываясь ни к чему. Сохраняй невозмутимость в успехе
и в неудаче. Невозмутимость – это истинная йога. |источник = — Бхагавад-гита, 2.47-49
the book by Swami Vivekananda
Karma yoga , also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god). To a karma yogi, right action is a form of prayer. Of the classical paths to spiritual liberation in Hinduism, karma yoga is the path of unselfish action. It teaches that a spiritual seeker should act according to dharma, without being attached to the fruits or personal consequences. Karma Yoga, states the Bhagavad Gita, purifies the mind. It leads one to consider dharma of work, and the work according to one's dharma, doing god's work and in that sense becoming and being "like unto god Krishna" in every moment of one's life. Karma yoga is a path to reach moksha (spiritual liberation) through work. It is rightful action without being attached to fruits or being manipulated by what the results might be, a dedication to one's duty, and trying one's best while being neutral to rewards or outcomes such as success or failure. Within Hinduism, this concept is known as seva, meaning selfless service to others as a means of spiritual practise. The tendency for a human being to seek the fruits of action is normal, state Hindu texts, but an exclusive attachment to fruits and positive immediate consequences can compromise dharma (ethical, rightful action). Karma yoga, states Bilimoria, is "ethically fine tuned action". According to Stephen Phillips, a professor of philosophy and Asian studies, "only dharmic action" is suitable in karma yoga, in which one downplays one's own exclusive role or one's own exclusive interests. Instead, the karma yogi considers the interests of all parties impartially, all beings, the elements of Prakṛti and then does the right thing. However, adds Phillips, there are commentators who disagree and state "any action can be done as karma yoga" and it doesn't have to be consistent with dharma. Quote box
|quote = Karma yoga
Your work is your responsibility,
not its result. Never let the fruits of your actions
be your motive. Nor give in to inaction. Set firmly in yourself, do your work,
not attached to anything. Remain evenminded in success,
and in failure. Evenmindedness is true yoga. |source = —Bhagavad Gita, 2.47 49
According to Phillips, Karma yoga applies to "any action in any profession or family activities", in which the yogi works selflessly to others' benefit. This is in contrast to other forms of yoga that focus on self development and self realization, typically with isolation and meditative introspection. The "disinterested action" idea, states Phillips, is not unique to Hinduism, and similar disinterested non craving precepts for monks and nuns are found in Buddhism and Jainism.
По словам Филлипса, карма-йога применима к "любому действию в любой профессии или семейной деятельности", в котором йог самоотверженно трудится на благо других. Это отличается от других форм йоги, которые сосредоточены на саморазвитии и самореализации, обычно с изоляцией и медитативной интроспекцией. Идея "незаинтересованного действия", как утверждает Филлипс, не уникальна для индуизма, и подобные предписания о незаинтересованности для монахов и монахинь встречаются в буддизме и джайнизме.
the book by Swami Vivekananda
Karma yoga , also called Karma marga, is one of the four classical spiritual paths in Hinduism, one based on the "yoga of action", the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge), Rāja yoga (path of meditation) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god). To a karma yogi, right action is a form of prayer. Of the classical paths to spiritual liberation in Hinduism, karma yoga is the path of unselfish action. It teaches that a spiritual seeker should act according to dharma, without being attached to the fruits or personal consequences. Karma Yoga, states the Bhagavad Gita, purifies the mind. It leads one to consider dharma of work, and the work according to one's dharma, doing god's work and in that sense becoming and being "like unto god Krishna" in every moment of one's life. Karma yoga is a path to reach moksha (spiritual liberation) through work. It is rightful action without being attached to fruits or being manipulated by what the results might be, a dedication to one's duty, and trying one's best while being neutral to rewards or outcomes such as success or failure. Within Hinduism, this concept is known as seva, meaning selfless service to others as a means of spiritual practise. The tendency for a human being to seek the fruits of action is normal, state Hindu texts, but an exclusive attachment to fruits and positive immediate consequences can compromise dharma (ethical, rightful action). Karma yoga, states Bilimoria, is "ethically fine tuned action". According to Stephen Phillips, a professor of philosophy and Asian studies, "only dharmic action" is suitable in karma yoga, in which one downplays one's own exclusive role or one's own exclusive interests. Instead, the karma yogi considers the interests of all parties impartially, all beings, the elements of Prakṛti and then does the right thing. However, adds Phillips, there are commentators who disagree and state "any action can be done as karma yoga" and it doesn't have to be consistent with dharma. Quote box
|quote = Karma yoga
Your work is your responsibility,
not its result. Never let the fruits of your actions
be your motive. Nor give in to inaction. Set firmly in yourself, do your work,
not attached to anything. Remain evenminded in success,
and in failure. Evenmindedness is true yoga. |source = —Bhagavad Gita, 2.47 49
According to Phillips, Karma yoga applies to "any action in any profession or family activities", in which the yogi works selflessly to others' benefit. This is in contrast to other forms of yoga that focus on self development and self realization, typically with isolation and meditative introspection. The "disinterested action" idea, states Phillips, is not unique to Hinduism, and similar disinterested non craving precepts for monks and nuns are found in Buddhism and Jainism.
Другие индуистские тексты
Самыми ранними текстами, предвосхищающими идеи карма-йоги в «Бхагавад-гите», являются древние Упанишады, такие как Брихадараньяка Упанишада. Другие ведические тексты, а также постведическая литература школы Мимамса в индуистской философии упоминают карма-маргу, но в контексте речь идет о пути ритуалов. По словам Раджу, идеи Мимамсы, хотя и ортодоксальные, стали плодородной почвой, на которой развились более поздние идеи карма-йоги. Карма-йога обсуждается во многих других индуистских текстах. Например, в разделе 11.20 «Бхагавата Пураны» говорится, что существует только три средства духовного освобождения: джнана-йога (знание), карма-йога (действие) и бхакти-йога (преданность). Те, кто склонен к философствованию, предпочитают «путь знания». Те, кто склонен к практическому применению искусства, умений и знаний, предпочитают «путь действия». Те, кто предпочитает эмоциональную привязанность, предпочитают «путь преданности». Эти три пути пересекаются, с различной степенью акцента. Позднее новые течения в индуизме добавили раджа-йогу как четвертый духовный путь, однако это не получило всеобщего признания как самостоятельного, отличного от трех других.
Карма йога против Крия йоги
В то время как карма-йога определяется как "йога действия", крийя-йога – это "йога ритуального действия". Крийя-йога встречается в тантрических текстах, и практикующие ее считают, что она активирует чакры и энергетические центры в теле посредством дисциплинированных дыхательных упражнений. В этом смысле крийя-йога является частью карма-йоги.