Фиат Дукато: История и Модели Коммерческого Транспорта

Light commercial vehicle developed by Fiat and PSA

The Fiat Ducato is a light commercial vehicle jointly developed by FCA Italy and PSA Group (currently Stellantis), and mainly manufactured by Sevel, a joint venture between the two companies since 1981. It has also been sold as the Citroën C25, Peugeot J5, Alfa Romeo AR6 and Talbot Express and later as the Fiat Ducato, Citroën Jumper (Relay first in the United Kingdom and then in Australia; Dispatch in Australia as a shorter variant), and Peugeot Boxer (Manager in Mexico), from 1994 onwards. It entered the North American market as the Ram ProMaster in May 2014 for the 2015 model year. In Europe, it is produced at the Sevel Sud factory, in Atessa, Italy. It has also been produced at the Iveco factory in Sete Lagoas, Brazil, at the Karsan factory in Akçalar, Turkey, at the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Saltillo Van Assembly Plant in Saltillo, Mexico, and at the Fiat Sollers factory in Elabuga, Russia. Since 1981, more than 2.6 million Fiat Ducatos have been produced. The name "Ducato" is a reference to the ducat; after the Fiorino, this was the second Fiat light commercial vehicle to be named after ancient coinage. In July 2019, the electric version of the Ducato developed by FCA Italy was presented, and sales commenced in 2020; a refreshed model debuted for 2024. An electric version for the North American market, the Ram ProMaster EV, was unveiled in early 2024. Since the 2021 model year, the Ducato has also been rebadged as the Opel/Vauxhall Movano, replacing the previous model Movano, which from 1998 until 2021 had been based on the Renault Master. The Ducato is also rebadged as the Toyota Proace Max. The Ducato is the most common motorhome base used in Europe; with around two thirds of motorhomes using the Ducato base. TOC

The Ducato was first launched in 1981, and was the result of Fiat's collaboration with PSA Peugeot Citroën, that resulted in the vehicle's development starting in 1978. The vehicles were manufactured at the Sevel Val di Sangro plant in Atessa, in central Italy, and at the Sevel Campania plant in Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples, together with the similar Alfa Romeo AR6, Citroën C25, and Peugeot J5 versions. The Peugeot J5 was sold as the Talbot Express in the United Kingdom (1986–1994). The collaboration of Fiat and PSA had earlier produced the Fiat 242 and Citroën C35 from 1974. For the Fiat, engines were 2.0 litre 4 cylinder petrol or 1.9 litre diesel. Trim levels were base, S, and SX. Model variants were named according to carrying capacity: Ducato 10 (1.0 tons), Ducato 13 (1.3 tons), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons), and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons). The Ducato Mk1 was very popular as a basis for campervan conversions. A short wheelbase version was sold as Fiat Talento. In August 1992, some Fiat Ducatos were built with the T29C electric DC motor from Leroy Somer, named as the Ducato Elettra powered by 28 six volt valve regulated lead–acid (VRLA) gel cell batteries, producing 168 volts DC and 160 amperes, in a wooden box weighing 868 kg. This 4765 × 1965 × 2100 mm transporter (maximum gross weight 3190 kg) had a vehicle payload of 750 kg and a range up to 70 kilometers.

The Fiat Talento (Italian pronunciation: ) is a light commercial vehicle produced by the Italian automaker Fiat, first sold in 1981 as a short wheelbase version of the Ducato. It has been offered in two non consecutive generations, as the nameplate made its return as a rebadged Renault Trafic (X82) in 2016. In 1994, the first generation Talento was discontinued. The name continues Fiat's practice of naming their commercial vehicles after old currencies, with "talento" referring to the talent, a unit of measurement often used for precious metals.

The Alfa Romeo AR6 was a badge engineered Ducato sold by Alfa Romeo on the Italian market only, as a replacement for the Alfa Romeo Romeo. It was available in two different wheelbase lengths, and as a passenger van, commercial van, or pick up truck. It was also the final commercial vehicle sold by Alfa Romeo. The Alfa Romeo AR6 was produced in the Sevel Campania plant (formerly owned by ARVECO – Alfa Romeo Industrial Vehicles) of Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples, until 1 January 1986, when Alfa Romeo dropped out of the commercial vehicle business entirely. Production of the Fiat Ducato continued in the same plant until 1994 when it was closed.

The Citroën C25 was a 2.5 tonne capacity van (hence the name C25) produced from October 1981 until 1993. The C25 succeeded the dated corrugated Citroën Type H post war one tonne van. The C25's engines are transversely mounted; the petrol one is a Peugeot 504 unit whilst the diesel one is from the Citroën CX diesel. Both units are coupled to a Citroën gearbox. In February 1982, the range was extended to include a pick up truck and a minibus. In 1991, the C25 series 2 was launched with an enlarged grille. In 1994, the C25 was replaced by the Jumper.

The Peugeot J5 was a 2.5 tonne capacity van, also produced from October 1981 until 1993. Its powertrains are as per the Citroën C25. In 1991, the J5 series 2 was launched with a new front grille and headlights. It was replaced in 1994 by the Peugeot Boxer, which was based on the second generation Fiat Ducato. It sold reasonably well in France but enjoyed little commercial success outside France, being overshadowed in much of Europe by the Fiat Ducato, which was supported by stronger commercial vehicle dealership networks in key markets.

The Talbot Express van, sold solely in the United Kingdom, was the last Talbot badged motor vehicle to be produced, quietly succeeding the outdated Dodge Spacevan modeline. Production of this badge engineered version for the United Kingdom began in 1982 and continued until 1994, nearly eight years after the last Talbot badged passenger car had been withdrawn. Its Citroën/Peugeot petrol and diesel engines were transversely mounted driving the front wheels. A 4×4 option was also available, although is now very rare today. In 1991, the series 2 Express was launched with an enlarged grille. Production was discontinued in 1994, when Peugeot finally discarded the Talbot marque. This van was popular in the United Kingdom, for new conversions to camper vans or motorhomes by coach builders. Provided they are well maintained and not too rusty, they can still command prices of many thousands of pounds even though they are over thirty years old. This is in marked contrast to the values of the commercial van versions.

ModelEngineDisplacementValvetrainFuel systemMax. power at rpmMax. torque at rpmPetrol engines1800PSA 169B1796 ccOHV 8vCarburettor at 4800 rpm at 2300 rpm2000PSA 170B1971 ccOHV 8vCarburettor at 5000 rpm at 2500 rpm2000PSA 170B1971 ccOHV 8vCarburettor at 5000 rpm at 2500 rpm2000PSA 170C1971 ccOHV 8vCarburettor at 4750 rpm at 2500 rpm2000 catPSA 170D1971 ccOHV 8vFuel injection at 4750 rpm at 2500 rpmDiesel engines1929 DFiat 149B10001929 ccSOHC 8vIndirect injection at 4600 rpm at 2500 rpm1929 TDFiat 280A10001929 ccSOHC 8vIndirect injection at 4100 rpm at 2500 rpm2445 TDSofim 8144.212445 ccSOHC 8vDirect injection at 3800 rpm at 2200 rpm2445 DSofim 8144.612445 ccSOHC 8vIndirect injection at 4200 rpm at 2400 rpm2500 DSofim 8144.072500 ccSOHC 8vDirect injection at 4200 rpm at 2200 rpm2500 DSofim 8144.672500 ccSOHC 8vIndirect injection at 4200 rpm at 2200 rpm2500 TDSofim 8140.272500 ccSOHC 8vDirect injection at 3800 rpm at 2000 rpmElectric enginesELETTRALeroy Somer T29C LT250 — DC magnetic shunt 28 VRLA battery Pb Gel batteries 6V DC 160A at 1550 rpm at 1550 rpm

The second generation Ducato arrived in 1993 and was still produced by Sevel. Peugeot changed the name from J5 to Boxer while Citroën rebranded the C25 as Jumper (sold as the "Relay" in the United Kingdom and Ireland). One engine option was a Fiat 2.5 L diesel, which was replaced with 2.8 L Iveco/Sofim engine in 1998. The Ducato Goods Transport has a payload of 12 m3 and comes with a choice of four engines: the 2.0 petrol, 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16V, or 2.8 JTD. All of these conformed to the Euro 3 standards and offered programmed maintenance management. The range included two types of gearbox: a mechanical box with a five speed manual plus reverse and an automatic transmission with four speeds plus reverse. The Ducato Passenger Transport has a carrying capacity of six to nine people and comes with the 2.3 litre JTD 16v engine, which again is Euro 3 compliant and delivers 110 bhp. The Ducato Combi is a mixture of the Goods Transport and the Passenger Transport. It is ideal for the transport of people and goods alike, and it can accommodate up to nine occupants. Model designations were Ducato 10 (1 ton), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons) and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons).

The second series was restyled in February 2002, with the addition of rear and side bump mouldings and revised front grille. The engine range was: 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16v and 2.8 JTD, 2.5 diesel was dropped. Model designations were changed to reflect maximum gross weight: Ducato 29 (2.9 tons), Ducato 30 (3.0 tons), Ducato 33 (3.3 tons) and Ducato Maxi 35 (3.5 tons). On 15 December 2005, the three millionth vehicle was produced, which resulted in the rate of production increasing to nine vehicles per day. This generation was also produced at the Fiat Auto Poland Tychy plant in complete knock down, at the Iveco plant in Sete Lagoas (Brazil), at the Karsan plant in Alkaçar, Turkey, since 2000, and since 2006 in Elabuga, Russia (Fiat Sollers). The Ducato, Jumper, and Boxer were also produced in Brazil until December 2016.

The third generation Jumper/Relay was launched first in worldwide except in Australia in September 2006 as a 2007 model (including UK) and then in Australia in late 2012 as a 2013 model, followed by the Boxer in June although the Canada and U. S. version, with larger gasoline engines and automatic transmissions, is made in Mexico.

The fourth generation Ducato/Jumper/Relay/Boxer (platform designation X290) was introduced in the summer of 2014, scheduled for an October 2014 debut as a 2015 model (except in Australia which had two models for Relay/Dispatch: a 2017 model with first facelift and a 2019 model with second facelift) while the 2014 model year was entirely skipped. Although based on the third generation model, it features a heavily revised front end, with more car like headlight styling. Euro 6 engines were introduced for the 2017 model year in late 2016, and does not require Adblue (Fiat version only) unlike most of its competitors. The Relay/Boxer/Jumper received the 2.0L PSA DW10 based Euro 6 engine. The Ram ProMaster was revised in 2018 for the 2019 model year with a different grille, increased payload and improved towing capacity. In 2019, Ducato moved from twin EGR system introduced with for Euro 6 to AdBlue on the 2.3L engine to comply with Euro 6d. Same year Boxer/Relay/Jumper changed the 2.0L PSA DW10 engine for 2.2L DW12 based engine. In 2021, new features include adaptive cruise control, autonomous emergency braking and lane keep assist. In the same year, following the acquisition of Opel and Vaxuhall by Groupe PSA and its subsequent merger with FCA to form Stellantis, the Ducato was rebadged as the Opel/Vauxhall Movano, which was previously based on the Renault Master. In 2022, the Ducato and ProMaster received a redesigned dashboard and the 948TE nine speed automatic transmission as standard equipment for the ProMaster and optional for the Ducato. The Ducato also receives the 2.2L Fiat Pratola Serra Family B turbo diesel, branded as the Multijet 3, while the ProMaster receives a revised 3.6L Pentastar. For the 2023 model year, the front end of the ProMaster was redesigned to match its European counterparts, coinciding with the introduction of the ProMaster EV; the van also received a third "super high" roof option on the longest wheelbase. Toyota Motor Europe and Stellantis plan to build a Toyota badged large van based on the Ducato platform, expected to be released in mid 2024. This is an expansion of the two automakers' LCV partnership started in 2012.

The battery electric Ducato Electric was announced in July 2019, with planned availability in 2020. The targeted range was on the New European Driving Cycle. The same body variants as the conventional Ducato would be available, providing cargo volumes of and maximum payload of
In April 2021, Fiat launched the E Ducato, which had been co developed with package delivery firm DHL. Ducato gliders are assembled at the Fiat Sevel Sud factory in Atessa, then shipped to Fiat Mirafiori in Turin, where they are fitted with a drivetrain developed by SolarEdge. Estimated maximum production capacity is 1,000 vehicles per month. The similar electric van variants sold by PSA as the Citroen Jumper/Relay and Peugeot Boxer also are assembled at Sevel Sud, but use a different battery technology as they are converted by BD Auto instead. The 2021 E Ducato is fitted with either a 3 or 5 module high voltage traction battery with 47 or 79 kW hr of storage, respectively; estimated range is under the WLTP mixed cycle for the larger battery. Traction motor peak output is and As an option, the E Ducato can be fitted with a port to accept power at up to 50 kW (DC).

A second facelift was revealed on October 23, 2023, introducing technological updates.

Year Worldwide production Worldwide sales Notes Relay Ducato Boxer Relay Ducato Boxer200925,60031,900Total Jumper production reached 683,112 units. Total Boxer production reached 782,012 units.54,200 US Canada 2014 18,039 2015 28,345 2016 40,440 2,623 2017 40,483 4,320 2018 46,600 4,165 2019 56,409 4,483 2020 50,556 3,518 2021 63,361 3,008 2022 60,936 5,137