Введение
Австралийская художница (ок. 1915–1998)
Куини Маккензи (Nakarra) (ранее Оукс, или Мингмаррия) (ок. 1915 – 16 ноября 1998) была австралийской художницей, представительницей коренных австралийцев. Она родилась на станции «Старый Техас», на западном берегу реки Орд в Восточном Кимберли.
Ранние годы
Мать Маккензи была из племен мальнгин и гурунджи, а её отец был конярем. В период её юности, согласно действовавшей политике, Маккензи находилась под угрозой изоляции в государственном учреждении, как и многие дети аборигенов со смешанным происхождением в то время. Правительственная политика того времени (которая действовала до 1970 года) была направлена на помещение детей смешанной расы в интернаты. Однако её мать предотвратила разлуку с ребёнком, предположительно, обмазав её кожу древесным углем, и девочка выросла, работая на скотоводов на станции Техас-Даунс. Она росла среди народа гиджа, и гиджа был её первым языком.
McKenzie was an advocate and a healer while serving as a camp cook at the station and befriended Rover Thomas in the 1980s. One time, Thomas was thrown off his horse which trampled him, tearing his scalp and Mckenzie sewed it back together. Mckenzie was inspired by Thomas and began learning to paint. Although she never received any formal training, Thomas encouraged her as she painted landscape paintings of the station. However in the 1970s, Aboriginal workers on big cattle stations were laid off, and so Mckenzie with her husband, Charlie, settled in Warmun. In the Warmun community, other prominent artists emerged such as Hectoro Jandany, George Mung Mung, Jack Britten, Paddy Jaminji, and Hector Chundaloo
McKenzie lived her entire life in the Shire of Wyndham East Kimberley, knew the landscape intimately, and is quoted as saying: "Every rock, every hill, every water, I know that place backwards and forwards, up and down, inside out. It's my country and I got names for every place".). Not only did she do landscape paintings, but she also depicted events that affected her community such as Blackfella Massacre which shows an incident between the police and Aboriginal people in 1922 along with “Living with Alcohol” in 1994 Over 154 works, her most famous pieces include Texas Downs, Balinji, My country Texas Downs which highlights her landscape pieces. She also enjoyed painting owls which include pieces such as Mook Mook Owls with Young and Domboyn Owls (
A painting by McKenzie depicting the Mistake Creek massacre was bought by the National Museum of Australia in 2005, but due to controversy over the facts of the event, part of the History Wars, it had never been hung. From July 2020 it was put on display as part of a new exhibition titled "Talking Blak to History" at the Museum.
Маккензи была защитницей прав людей и целительницей, работая поваром в лагере на станции, и подружилась с Ровером Томасом в 1980-х годах. Однажды Томаса сбросила с лошади, которая на него наступила, разорвав кожу головы, и Маккензи зашила ему рану. Вдохновлённая Томасом, Маккензи начала учиться живописи. Несмотря на отсутствие формального образования, Томас поддерживал её, когда она рисовала пейзажи станции. Однако в 1970-х годах аборигены, работавшие на крупных скотоводческих фермах, были уволены, и Маккензи с мужем, Чарли, поселились в Вармуне. В общине Вармун появились другие известные художники, такие как Гекторо Джандани, Джордж Мунг Мунг, Джек Бриттен, Пэдди Джаминджи и Гектор Чундалу.
McKenzie was an advocate and a healer while serving as a camp cook at the station and befriended Rover Thomas in the 1980s. One time, Thomas was thrown off his horse which trampled him, tearing his scalp and Mckenzie sewed it back together. Mckenzie was inspired by Thomas and began learning to paint. Although she never received any formal training, Thomas encouraged her as she painted landscape paintings of the station. However in the 1970s, Aboriginal workers on big cattle stations were laid off, and so Mckenzie with her husband, Charlie, settled in Warmun. In the Warmun community, other prominent artists emerged such as Hectoro Jandany, George Mung Mung, Jack Britten, Paddy Jaminji, and Hector Chundaloo
McKenzie lived her entire life in the Shire of Wyndham East Kimberley, knew the landscape intimately, and is quoted as saying: "Every rock, every hill, every water, I know that place backwards and forwards, up and down, inside out. It's my country and I got names for every place".). Not only did she do landscape paintings, but she also depicted events that affected her community such as Blackfella Massacre which shows an incident between the police and Aboriginal people in 1922 along with “Living with Alcohol” in 1994 Over 154 works, her most famous pieces include Texas Downs, Balinji, My country Texas Downs which highlights her landscape pieces. She also enjoyed painting owls which include pieces such as Mook Mook Owls with Young and Domboyn Owls (
A painting by McKenzie depicting the Mistake Creek massacre was bought by the National Museum of Australia in 2005, but due to controversy over the facts of the event, part of the History Wars, it had never been hung. From July 2020 it was put on display as part of a new exhibition titled "Talking Blak to History" at the Museum.
Маккензи прожила всю жизнь в округе Уиндхэм-Ист-Кимберли, прекрасно знала местность и говорила: «Каждый камень, каждый холм, каждый водоём – я знаю это место как свои пять пальцев, вдоль и поперёк, наизусть. Это моя земля, и у меня есть имена для каждого места». Она писала не только пейзажи, но и изображала события, повлиявшие на её общину, такие как резня Блэкфелла, показывающая столкновение между полицией и аборигенами в 1922 году, а также картину «Жизнь с алкоголем» (1994 год). На её счету более 154 работ, среди самых известных – «Техас-Даунс», «Балинджи», «Моя земля, Техас-Даунс», демонстрирующие её пейзажные работы. Она также любила рисовать сов, в том числе «Совы Мок Мок с птенцами» и «Совы Домбойна».
McKenzie was an advocate and a healer while serving as a camp cook at the station and befriended Rover Thomas in the 1980s. One time, Thomas was thrown off his horse which trampled him, tearing his scalp and Mckenzie sewed it back together. Mckenzie was inspired by Thomas and began learning to paint. Although she never received any formal training, Thomas encouraged her as she painted landscape paintings of the station. However in the 1970s, Aboriginal workers on big cattle stations were laid off, and so Mckenzie with her husband, Charlie, settled in Warmun. In the Warmun community, other prominent artists emerged such as Hectoro Jandany, George Mung Mung, Jack Britten, Paddy Jaminji, and Hector Chundaloo
McKenzie lived her entire life in the Shire of Wyndham East Kimberley, knew the landscape intimately, and is quoted as saying: "Every rock, every hill, every water, I know that place backwards and forwards, up and down, inside out. It's my country and I got names for every place".). Not only did she do landscape paintings, but she also depicted events that affected her community such as Blackfella Massacre which shows an incident between the police and Aboriginal people in 1922 along with “Living with Alcohol” in 1994 Over 154 works, her most famous pieces include Texas Downs, Balinji, My country Texas Downs which highlights her landscape pieces. She also enjoyed painting owls which include pieces such as Mook Mook Owls with Young and Domboyn Owls (
A painting by McKenzie depicting the Mistake Creek massacre was bought by the National Museum of Australia in 2005, but due to controversy over the facts of the event, part of the History Wars, it had never been hung. From July 2020 it was put on display as part of a new exhibition titled "Talking Blak to History" at the Museum.
Картина Маккензи, изображающая резню в Мистек-Крик, была приобретена Национальным музеем Австралии в 2005 году, но из-за споров о фактах произошедшего, связанных с так называемыми «Историческими войнами», долгое время не выставлялась. С июля 2020 года она экспонируется в рамках новой выставки под названием «Разговор с историей» в музее.
McKenzie was an advocate and a healer while serving as a camp cook at the station and befriended Rover Thomas in the 1980s. One time, Thomas was thrown off his horse which trampled him, tearing his scalp and Mckenzie sewed it back together. Mckenzie was inspired by Thomas and began learning to paint. Although she never received any formal training, Thomas encouraged her as she painted landscape paintings of the station. However in the 1970s, Aboriginal workers on big cattle stations were laid off, and so Mckenzie with her husband, Charlie, settled in Warmun. In the Warmun community, other prominent artists emerged such as Hectoro Jandany, George Mung Mung, Jack Britten, Paddy Jaminji, and Hector Chundaloo
McKenzie lived her entire life in the Shire of Wyndham East Kimberley, knew the landscape intimately, and is quoted as saying: "Every rock, every hill, every water, I know that place backwards and forwards, up and down, inside out. It's my country and I got names for every place".). Not only did she do landscape paintings, but she also depicted events that affected her community such as Blackfella Massacre which shows an incident between the police and Aboriginal people in 1922 along with “Living with Alcohol” in 1994 Over 154 works, her most famous pieces include Texas Downs, Balinji, My country Texas Downs which highlights her landscape pieces. She also enjoyed painting owls which include pieces such as Mook Mook Owls with Young and Domboyn Owls (
A painting by McKenzie depicting the Mistake Creek massacre was bought by the National Museum of Australia in 2005, but due to controversy over the facts of the event, part of the History Wars, it had never been hung. From July 2020 it was put on display as part of a new exhibition titled "Talking Blak to History" at the Museum.
Коммерческий успех
В 1993 году работы Маккензи были представлены на первой крупной выставке "Кимберли, Изображения силы" в Национальной галерее Виктории. В апреле 1994 года Маккензи совместно с другими женщинами-аборигенами организовала выставку "Женщины Буша" в Центре искусств Фримантла. В 1995 году она создала свои первые оттиски вместе с Фрэнком Гойером в мастерской печати Университета Северной территории в Дарвине, которые были отобраны для премии Fremantle Print Award. Также в 1995 году работы Маккензи были показаны на Национальной выставке женского искусства в галерее Хогарта. В 1998 году она была выбрана для создания художественных гравюр в рамках празднования австралийской культуры на Олимпийских играх 2000 года в Сиднее. Маккензи неизменно входит в топ-100 индекса австралийского рынка искусства коренных народов, заняв 21-е место в 2014 году. Ее работы находятся в Национальной галерее Австралии, Национальной галерее Виктории, Художественной галерее Южной Австралии и Художественной галерее Западной Австралии и других учреждениях. Маккензи была включена в CD-ROM "Moorditj Australian Indigenous Cultural Expressions" вместе с другими художниками из Западной Австралии, такими как Джек Дэвис, Алма Тоомат, Бетти Эган, Мишель Браун, братья Пиграм, Footprince, Уэйн Баркер, Салли Морган, Джимми Чи и Мэри Панджити Маклин. В Западной Австралии в 2015 году истекает срок действия или подлежит сдаче все пасторальные земельные аренды, включая станцию Texas Downs. Маккензи оказала значительное влияние на творчество австралийского керамиста Пиппина Драйсдейла. Она умерла 16 ноября 1998 года в Западной Австралии.