Введение
Местный диалект и социолект финского языка
Local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Хельсинкский сленг или стадинский сленг (от шведского stad) — местный диалект и социолект финского языка, используемый в основном в столице Хельсинки. Он характеризуется обилием заимствованных иностранных слов, не встречающихся в других финских диалектах. Хельсинкский сленг впервые сформировался в конце XIX века как социолект многоязычных рабочих сообществ Хельсинки, где шведо- и финноязычная молодежь жила вместе с представителями русских, немецких и различных других языковых меньшинств. Хельсинкский сленг не является типичным диалектом финского языка, поскольку, в отличие от многих других регионов Финляндии, в районе Хельсинки преобладал шведский язык в период формирования города, и поэтому он характеризуется необычно большим количеством очевидных иностранных заимствований. Тем не менее, хельсинкский сленг признается самостоятельным диалектом, наряду с более чистыми диалектами других частей Финляндии. Грамматически хельсинкский сленг основан на разговорном финском языке. Для него характерно большое количество слов, изначально заимствованных из шведского, немецкого и русского языков, но в настоящее время преимущественно из английского. Заимствования вытесняют даже самые обыденные финские слова (обозначения родственных связей, продукты питания, глагол «умирать» и т.д.) иностранными аналогами. Однако, произносимый носителем финского языка, все слова склоняются по правилам разговорного финского, и язык звучит отчетливо по-фински. Историю сленга можно условно разделить на старый сленг (vanha slangi) и новый, или современный сленг (uusi slangi). Старый сленг был распространен в Хельсинки до середины XX века и сложнее для понимания посторонним, даже владеющим современным сленгом, из-за большего количества заимствований из шведского, немецкого и русского языков. На старом сленге в основном говорят пожилые жители Хельсинки, многие из которых считают его единственным настоящим сленгом. Современный вариант развивался параллельно с растущим влиянием молодежных субкультур, использующих английский язык, начиная с 1950-х годов. Он характеризуется большим влиянием английского и литературного финского языка, в то время как влияние шведского, немецкого и русского языков уменьшилось. Когда в 1809 году Швеция уступила Финляндию Российской империи, Хельсинки по решению Александра I стали столицей Финляндии. В то время в Хельсинки почти все население говорило на шведском языке. Например, в 1820 году в городе проживало около 4500 человек, из которых лишь 5% были финноязычными, что было обусловлено в основном индустриализацией. Это привело к притоку все большего числа финноязычных рабочих со всей страны в преимущественно шведскоязычный город. По переписи 1870 года 57% жителей Хельсинки говорили на шведском языке как на родном, 26% — на финском, 12% — на русском и 2% — на немецком. Помимо шведского и финского, влияние оказывали русский и немецкий языки. Считается, что хельсинкский сленг сформировался естественным образом как своего рода общий язык для многоязычного населения, которое из-за индустриализации переселялось в одни и те же районы в поисках работы и изначально не имело общего языка. Сленг возник для практических целей повседневного общения и взаимопонимания между различными языковыми группами. Например, в то время у примерно одной пятой новобрачных были разные родные языки.
Local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
| Год | Шведский | Финский | Русский | Немецкий | Прочее |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900–1920 | 30 | 60 | 2 | | |
| 1910–1940 | 39 | 50 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 1979 | 60 | 20 | | 10 | |
| 1985–1989 | 78 | 11 | | 9 | |
Local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Приблизительные пропорции (%) происхождения слов по годам. Источник: [указан в оригинале]
Local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Старый сленг продолжал развиваться до 1940-х годов. В 1944 году Советско-финская война закончилась Московским перемирием, в результате которого Финляндии пришлось уступить значительные территории Карелии Советскому Союзу. Около 430 000 человек стали беженцами на своей земле. Многие из них поселились в Хельсинки, в то время как в обществе в целом продолжался переход от аграрного общества. Фактически, следующие годы, особенно 1960-е, ознаменовали вторую крупную волну иммиграции в Хельсинки. Это также повлияло на сленг. 1940-е годы знаменуют начало постепенного перехода от старого сленга (vanha slangi) к современному сленгу (uusi slangi). Новое население было и остается преимущественно финноязычным, и влияние шведского и русского языков на язык с тех пор уменьшилось. Язык стал больше приближаться к общему разговорному финскому языку, сохраняя при этом сильные заимствования из старого сленга. Последующие поколения также росли в ином культурном окружении, где было доступно больше иностранных культурных продуктов, особенно развлечений, таких как фильмы и музыка. Возросло культурное влияние англоязычного мира, особенно североамериканских молодежных субкультур, и все больше английских слов стало проникать в язык городской молодежи Хельсинки. С распространением телевидения и появлением интернета эта тенденция продолжает усиливаться и в наши дни.
Local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Helsinki slang or stadin slangi ('Helsinki's slang', from Swedish [[wiktionary:stad#Swedish, 'city'; see etymology) is a local dialect and a sociolect of the Finnish language mainly used in the capital city of Helsinki. It is characterized by its abundance of foreign loan words not found in the other Finnish dialects. Helsinki slang first evolved in the late 19th century as a sociolect of the multilingual Helsinki working class communities, where Swedish and Finnish speaking youth lived together with Russian, German and various other language minorities. Helsinki slang is not a typical dialect of Finnish, because unlike many other parts of Finland, the Helsinki area was predominantly Swedish speaking during the time when the city of Helsinki originally evolved, and thus Helsinki slang is characterised by an unusual, strikingly large number of obvious foreign loanwords. Nevertheless, Helsinki slang is counted as a dialect on its own right, among the purer dialects of other parts of Finland. Grammatically Helsinki slang is based on colloquial Finnish. It is characterized by a large number of words originally borrowed from Swedish, German and Russian, but nowadays chiefly English. The loanwords replace some of even the most mundane Finnish language words (closest kin words, food, die, etc.) with foreign alternatives. However, when spoken by a native Finnish speaker, all words are inflected by the rules of spoken Finnish, and the language sounds distinctively Finnish. The language's history can generally be divided into the old slang (vanha slangi) and the new or modern slang (uusi slangi). Old slang was common in Helsinki up to the mid 20th century, and is thicker and harder to understand for an outsider of the group, even to one who would be capable in modern slang, because it incorporates a far greater number of Swedish, German and Russian loan words than the modern variation. Old slang is mostly spoken by older Helsinkians, many of whom consider it the only true slang. The modern variety has evolved side by side with the growing influence of English language youth subcultures starting from the 1950s. It is thus characterized by a greater influence of the English language and proper Finnish language while the influence of Swedish, German and Russian has declined. When in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Imperial Russia, Helsinki became the capital of Finland by the decision of Alexander I of Russia. At this time, Helsinki was almost unilingually Swedish. In 1820, for example, the city was home to about 4,500 people, only 5% of whom were Finnish speaking. mostly due to industrialization. This brought ever increasing numbers of new Finnish speaking working class from around the country to the largely Swedish speaking city. In the 1870 census 57% of Helsinkians spoke Swedish as their home language, 26% Finnish, 12% Russian and 2% German, In addition to Swedish and Finnish, influence came from Russian and German. Helsinki slang is thought to have formed naturally as a sort of a common language for the mixed language population who due to industrialization moved into the same neighbourhoods for employment, and had no single common language initially. The slang came to be for practical purposes of everyday communication and mutual understanding as a common language of the various language groups. For example, at this time about one fifth of newly wed couples had different native languages. | >20
| 75
| <5
| <1
| <1
|
! 1900–1920
| 30
| 60
| 2
|
|
|
! 1910–1940
| 39
| 50
| 2
| 2
| 1
|
! 1979
| 60
| 20
|
| 10
|
|
! 1985–1989
| 78
| 11
|
| 9
|
|
| colspan=6 style="text align:center;" | Approximate proportions (%) of word origins by year. Source
|}
The old slang continued to develop up until the 1940s. In 1944 the Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland ended in the Moscow Armistice, and Finland had to cede large parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 430,000 people became refugees within their own country. Many of them settled in Helsinki while, in the society at large, the transition from the agricultural society continued ever stronger. In practice the following years, especially the 1960s, meant the second major wave of immigration to Helsinki. This had an effect on the slang as well. 1940s mark the beginning of the gradual transition between the old slang (vanha slangi) and modern speech (uusi slangi). The new population was, and continues to be, in greater numbers Finnish speaking, and the Swedish and Russian influences on the language have declined ever since. The language started to move more towards common colloquial Finnish while still strongly borrowing from the old slang. The following generations also grew up in a different kind of cultural environment, where more abundant amounts of foreign culture, especially entertainment such as films and music, was, and continues to be, available. The cultural influence of the English speaking world, especially the North American youth subcultures, grew, and increasing numbers of English language words started to find their way to the language of the urban Helsinki youth. With the popularity of television and the advent of the Internet, this trend continues ever stronger in the present day.
Эволюция
Хотя, как и любой местный диалект, хельсинкский сленг постоянно развивается, большинство взрослых носителей хельсинкского сленга по-прежнему считают версию, существовавшую до 1960-х годов, настоящим сленгом. Многие из нынешних взрослых, выросших на сленге 1950-х годов, рассматривают современные термины, преимущественно заимствованные из английского, как неологизмы. Тем не менее, даже заимствованные слова в сленге в наши дни подвергаются изменениям, чтобы соответствовать его фонотактическим правилам. Как указано ниже, эти правила несколько отличаются от типичной разговорной финской фонетики.
Although like any local dialect, Helsinki slang constantly evolves, most adult speakers of Helsinki slang still consider the pre 1960s version the real slang. Many of the now adult speakers who grew up with the 1950s style slang consider the modern chiefly English derived slang terms neologisms. Nevertheless, even if words are borrowed to the slang, they are still in the present day modified to conform to the phonotactics of the slang. As noted below, the phonotactics are slightly different from typical colloquial Finnish.
Изменение
Словарный запас и манера речи старого сленга различались в разных районах города. Как отмечалось выше, этот язык зародился к северу от моста Питкесилта, но впоследствии распространился и на южные районы, включая Пунавуори (в сленге – Рёпери). Наиболее ярко различия проявлялись в сленге, используемом по обе стороны моста.
The old slang's vocabulary and form of speech had some variation in between different parts of the town. As noted above, the language was born north of the Pitkäsilta bridge, but it later spread to the southern neighborhoods as well, including Punavuori (Rööperi in slang). The variation was most prominent in between the slang spoken on the two sides of the bridge.
Использование и примеры
Многие литературные произведения на хельсинкском сленге содержат длинные предложения с высокой плотностью сленговых слов, что делает их особенно трудными для понимания для большинства носителей финского языка. Примеры, где сленговые слова выделены курсивом и расположены в том же порядке, что и в оригинале, приведены ниже:
Many literary works in Helsinki slang contain long sentences with a large density of slang words, making them especially hard to decipher for the general Finnish speaking population. Examples where the slang words are in italics and in the same order in both the original and translation follow:
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Источник цитаты Сленговый вариант Литературный финский эквивалент Английский перевод
Комиксы Вийви и Вагнер Hei *sporakuski*, *stikkaa dörtsi posee*, *täällä on galsa blosis*, *bonjaatsä*? Эй, водитель трамвая, закрой дверь, здесь холодный ветер, понимаешь? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?
Сленговая версия Сами Гарама Дональда *Kelaa*, *Snadi Jeesaaja*, *kui iisii täl ois stedaa*! *Ajattele*, *Pikku Apulainen*, kuinka легко было бы здесь убраться! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!
Песня Туомари Нурмио "Tonnin stiflat" *Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat*. Ei ne *tonnii* paina, ne *bungaa* sen. Joskus mä *stygen* niille *tsungaan*, sillon kun mä muille *tsungaa* en. У меня на ногах тонна обуви. Они не весят тонну, они столько стоят. Иногда я пою им песню, когда другим не пою. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others.
Реклама сезонных абонементов хоккейного клуба HIFK *Kandee hiffaa skaffaa*, et ei *tartte bluffaa* et ois *kliffaa*. Стоит понять, что нужно приобрести, чтобы не притворяться, что всё круто. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun.
Many literary works in Helsinki slang contain long sentences with a large density of slang words, making them especially hard to decipher for the general Finnish speaking population. Examples where the slang words are in italics and in the same order in both the original and translation follow:
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Сленговые слова подчиняются нормам финской грамматики, независимо от их происхождения. Однако, хельсинкский сленг всегда используется как разговорный финский язык, как в устной, так и в письменной форме, а не как литературный язык (*kirjakieli*, см. разговорный финский). Например, вопрос "можешь ли ты это починить, чтобы это работало?" на сленге звучит как "*voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?*", где *duunaa* – "делать, работать", а *kondis* – "состояние, рабочий порядок". Попытка написать то же самое предложение в литературной форме, например "*voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?*", будет ошибочной как в литературном языке, так и в сленге. Хельсинкский сленг также используется финским меньшинством, говорящим на шведском языке в Хельсинки. Современный хельсинкский шведский сленг используется так же, как и финский, смешиваясь со шведским языком. Например, вопрос "можешь ли ты это привести в порядок?" на хельсинкском сленге, произнесенный шведоговорящим финном, будет звучать как "*kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?*". То же самое предложение будет столь же некорректным и в правильном финском шведском языке.
Many literary works in Helsinki slang contain long sentences with a large density of slang words, making them especially hard to decipher for the general Finnish speaking population. Examples where the slang words are in italics and in the same order in both the original and translation follow:
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Quote source Slang version Written Finnish equivalent English translationViivi & Wagner comics Hei sporakuski, stikkaa dörtsi posee, tääl on galsa blosis, bonjaatsä? Hei raitiovaunun kuljettaja, laita ovi kiinni, täällä on kylmä viima, ymmärrätkö? Hey, tramdriver, push the door shut, there's a cold wind in here, do you understand?Sami Garam's slang version of Donald Duck Kelaa, Snadi Jeesaaja, kui iisii täl ois stedaa! Ajattele, Pikku Apulainen, kuinka helppoa tällä olisi siivota! Think, Little Helper, how easy it would be to clean with this!Tuomari Nurmio's song "Tonnin stiflat" Klabbeissa on mulla tonnin stiflat. Ei ne tonnii paina, ne bungaa sen. Joskus mä stygen niille tsungaan, sillon kun mä muille tsungaa en. Jaloissani minulla on tonnin kengät. Eivät ne tonnia paina, vaan maksavat sen. Joskus minä laulun niille laulan, silloin kun minä muille laula en. On my feet I have ton shoes. They don't weigh a ton, they cost that. Sometimes a song I sing to them, when I don't sing to others. Helsinki ice hockey club HIFK's season ticket advertisement Kandee hiffaa skaffaa, et ei tartte bluffaa et ois kliffaa. Kannattaa tajuta hankkia, jotta ei tarvitse teeskennellä että on kivaa. You should grasp the need to acquire [one of these], so you don't need to pretend to be having fun. Slang words obey normal Finnish grammar, regardless of their etymology. However, Helsinki slang is always both spoken and written as colloquial Finnish, never as properly grammatical kirjakieli (, see spoken Finnish). For example, "can you fix that in a working condition?" is "voitsä duunaa ton kondiksee?" in slang, where duunaa, 'to do, to work' and kondis, 'condition, working order' are slang words. Trying to write the above sentence in properly grammatical form like in kirjakieli, to "voitko (sinä) duunata tuon kondikseen?" would be erroneous both in kirjakieli and slang. Helsinki slang is also used by the Swedish speaking Finnish minority in Helsinki. Modern Helsinkian Swedish based slangi is still spoken in the same manner as in Finnish, mixing it into the Swedish language. The earlier example "can you put that in order?" would be "kan du duuna dendä' kondiksee?" when spoken by a Swedish speaking Finn in Helsinki slang. The same sentence would be similarly erroneous in proper Finland Swedish language as well.
Известные ораторы
Несколько известных жителей Хельсинки, особенно музыкантов, славятся своим владением сленгом и выступали с его использованием публично, как частично, так и полностью.
Several famous Helsinkians, especially musicians, are known for their skill in the slang, and have partially or entirely performed in it in public.