Абрам Райан: Поэт-священник Юга

American priest and poet
Abram Joseph Ryan (February 5, 1838 – April 22, 1886) was an American poet, Catholic priest, Catholic newspaper editor, orator, and former Vincentian. Historians disagree on whether Ryan served as a military chaplain for the Confederate States of America. He has been called the "Poet Priest of the South" and the "Poet Laureate of the Confederacy". Ryan was born in Maryland to Irish Catholic immigrants. He attended a Christian Brothers school in Missouri, and then, at the age of 13, he attended a seminary run by the Vincentian Fathers. He entered the Vincentians and was sent to seminary in New York, to study theology and oversee the boys in the seminary's school. Vocally opposed to abolitionism, he was sent back to Missouri. Having gained experience as a preacher in rural areas, Ryan was ordained in 1860. After the American Civil War broke out, he went back and forth a few times between New York and Missouri, and then to Illinois. While he never formally joined the army, he served as a freelance chaplain for the last two years of the war for both North and South soldiers, during which time his enlisted brother was killed. Ryan had been writing poetry since his college days, and his "The Conquered Banner" was printed in June 1865. He moved from one parish in the South to another, writing poetry and sermons. He founded a journal which published mainly Southern writers, and published a volume of his own collected poetry which was popular in the US and in Ireland. He died in 1886 in Kentucky and was buried in Mobile, Alabama.

He was born Matthew Abraham Ryan in Hagerstown, Maryland on February 5, 1838, the fourth child of Irish immigrants Matthew Ryan and Mary Coughlin, both of Clogheen, County Tipperary. He was their first child to be born in the United States. The family had initially settled in Norfolk, Virginia, after their arrival in America sometime prior to 1835, but soon moved to Maryland, where the father obtained work as the overseer of a plantation with enslaved people. Ryan was named after this plantation's owner. In 1840 the family relocated to Ralls County, Missouri, and then, in 1846, to St. Louis, where the father opened a general store. The young Abraham Ryan, as he was called, was educated at St. Joseph's Academy, run by the Christian Brothers. Showing a strong inclination to piety, he was encouraged by his mother and teachers to consider becoming a priest. Ryan decided to test a calling to the priesthood and on September 16, 1851, at the age of 13, entered the College of St. Mary's of the Barrens, near Perryville, Missouri. It was run by the Vincentian Fathers as a minor seminary for young candidates for the priesthood, providing them a classical education with free room and board. In the summer of 1854, Ryan decided to pursue Holy Orders, at which time he explained his decision to his close childhood friend, Ethel, with whom he had grown up. a religious and political weekly in which he additionally republished much of his early poetry, along with poetry by fellow southerners James Ryder Randall, Paul Hamilton Hayne, and Sidney Lanier, as well as an early story by Mark Twain. Though opposing women suffrage as "folly," Ryan's contributions to this newspaper included poetic, religious, and political writings. Ryan remained editor in chief until 1875. Ryan also addressed the divine commendation of white supremacy: " if history be a manifestation of Divine Providence, it is the divine mission of the white race to march in the van of civilization to lead the entire world it was the pale white brow that gave to the world its philosophy, out of which the world deduces its own intellectual life. [Audience cheers]" Moreover, Ryan justified the contemporaneous recourse to violence by the White League and others: "Men by reasoning came to the conclusion of what was right and just and legitimate, and that under all laws there always existed and always will exist, the right of resistance against that which is wrong. So they not only petition but argue. But, sometimes, my friends, arguments will not reach their conclusions; sometimes arguments fall upon the ears of those who are opposed to those who argue. Sometimes, and perhaps most oftentimes, petitions may be written, but they avail nothing. What must a man do then? The bullet must reason, the rifle must reason, [the audience cheers] the cannon must reason [more cheers]. when tyranny can no longer be endured, rests the legitimate right to overthrow it. So the 14th of September was more than a day [a reference to the White League’s recent violent insurrection of Liberty Place on September 14, 1874 in which the White League inflected about 100 casualties], and the deed of that day was more than a deed. They [United States federal government] prefer to pit ignorance against intellect, immorality against morality, and they wish to place over the white race those who neither the right nor power nor potentiality of leading any race to freedom to law, to righteousness, to glory. Now, according to American principles, this is no government at all, and when I make my argument, I come to the conclusion that the government is no government at all; and that in any State there exists the grand right of revolution. [Audience cheers]" The statue included a stanza from "The Conquered Banner" below an inscription that reads: "Poet, Patriot, and Priest."

Ryan is mentioned in Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone with the Wind: "Father Ryan, the poet priest of the Confederacy, never failed to call [at Melanie's home] when passing through Atlanta. He charmed gatherings there with his wit and seldom needed much urging to recite his 'Sword of Lee' or his deathless 'Conquered Banner,' which never failed to make the ladies cry."

Father Ryan's Poems. Mobile, J. L. Rapier & co., 1879. Poems: patriotic, religious, miscellaneous. Baltimore, J. B. Piet, 1880. A Crown for Our Queen. Baltimore, 1882. Reprinted 2010.