Введение
Норвежский поэт X века Эйвиндр Финнссон (Eivindr Finnsson) (915–990), известный под прозвищем skáldaspillir («Похититель скальдов»), был норвежским скальдом X века. Он служил придворным поэтом короля Хакона Доброго и ярла Хакона Хладирского. Его сын Харекр впоследствии стал влиятельным вождем в Норвегии. До наших дней сохранились следующие его более крупные произведения:
Eyvindr Finnsson ( 915–990), known by the epithet skáldaspillir ("Skald spoiler"), was a 10th century Norwegian skald. He was the court poet of king Hákon the Good and earl Hákon of Hlaðir. His son Hárekr later became a prominent chieftain in Norway. His preserved longer works are:
Hákonarmál Composed in memory of king Hákon and tells of his reception in Valhalla. The poem is similar to the earlier Eiríksmál. Háleygjatal Recounts the ancestors of earl Hákon back up to Odin and tells of their deaths. The poem is similar to the earlier Ynglingatal. Some 14 stand alone stanzas (lausarvísur) on historical events. Among Evyindr's most celebrated lausarvísur is the following, attested in Haralds saga Gráfeldar, supposedly composed during the 960s or 970s:
Snýr á Svǫlnis vôru
— svá hǫfum inn sem Finnar
birkihind of bundit
brums — at miðju sumri. It is snowing on the spouse of Svǫlnir [i. e. the spouse of Óðinn, Jǫrð (the Old Norse equivalent of English ‘earth’)] in the middle of summer; we have tied up the bark stripping hind of the bud [i. e. goat] inside just like the Saami. Eyvindr drew heavily on earlier poetry in his works. The cognomen skáldaspillir means literally "spoiler of poets" and is sometimes translated as "plagiarist", though it might also mean that he was better than any other poet. He is mentioned in the second verse of the Norwegian national anthem.
Hákonarmál – Составлена в память о короле Хаконе и повествует о его встрече в Вальгалле. Поэма схожа с более ранней «Эриксмаль». Háleygjatal – Рассказывает о предках ярла Хакона, восходящих к Одину, и об их смерти. Поэма схожа с более ранней «Йнглингталь». Около 14 отдельных строф (lausarvísur), посвященных историческим событиям. Среди наиболее известных лаусарвисуров Эйвиндра выделяется следующая, зафиксированная в «Саге о Харальде Графельде», предположительно написанная в 960-х или 970-х годах:
Eyvindr Finnsson ( 915–990), known by the epithet skáldaspillir ("Skald spoiler"), was a 10th century Norwegian skald. He was the court poet of king Hákon the Good and earl Hákon of Hlaðir. His son Hárekr later became a prominent chieftain in Norway. His preserved longer works are:
Hákonarmál Composed in memory of king Hákon and tells of his reception in Valhalla. The poem is similar to the earlier Eiríksmál. Háleygjatal Recounts the ancestors of earl Hákon back up to Odin and tells of their deaths. The poem is similar to the earlier Ynglingatal. Some 14 stand alone stanzas (lausarvísur) on historical events. Among Evyindr's most celebrated lausarvísur is the following, attested in Haralds saga Gráfeldar, supposedly composed during the 960s or 970s:
Snýr á Svǫlnis vôru
— svá hǫfum inn sem Finnar
birkihind of bundit
brums — at miðju sumri. It is snowing on the spouse of Svǫlnir [i. e. the spouse of Óðinn, Jǫrð (the Old Norse equivalent of English ‘earth’)] in the middle of summer; we have tied up the bark stripping hind of the bud [i. e. goat] inside just like the Saami. Eyvindr drew heavily on earlier poetry in his works. The cognomen skáldaspillir means literally "spoiler of poets" and is sometimes translated as "plagiarist", though it might also mean that he was better than any other poet. He is mentioned in the second verse of the Norwegian national anthem.
Snýr á Svǫlnis vôru
— svá hǫfum inn sem Finnar
birkihind of bundit
brums — at miðju sumri. Снег идет на супругу Свёльнира [то есть супругу Одина, Ёрд (старонорвежский эквивалент английского ‘earth’)] посреди лета; мы связали козу, сдирая кору с рогов, как саамы. Эйвиндр в значительной степени опирался на более раннюю поэзию в своих произведениях. Прозвище skáldaspillir буквально означает «губитель скальдов» и иногда переводится как «плагиатор», хотя возможно, что оно означает, что он превосходил всех остальных поэтов. Он упоминается во втором куплете норвежского национального гимна.
Eyvindr Finnsson ( 915–990), known by the epithet skáldaspillir ("Skald spoiler"), was a 10th century Norwegian skald. He was the court poet of king Hákon the Good and earl Hákon of Hlaðir. His son Hárekr later became a prominent chieftain in Norway. His preserved longer works are:
Hákonarmál Composed in memory of king Hákon and tells of his reception in Valhalla. The poem is similar to the earlier Eiríksmál. Háleygjatal Recounts the ancestors of earl Hákon back up to Odin and tells of their deaths. The poem is similar to the earlier Ynglingatal. Some 14 stand alone stanzas (lausarvísur) on historical events. Among Evyindr's most celebrated lausarvísur is the following, attested in Haralds saga Gráfeldar, supposedly composed during the 960s or 970s:
Snýr á Svǫlnis vôru
— svá hǫfum inn sem Finnar
birkihind of bundit
brums — at miðju sumri. It is snowing on the spouse of Svǫlnir [i. e. the spouse of Óðinn, Jǫrð (the Old Norse equivalent of English ‘earth’)] in the middle of summer; we have tied up the bark stripping hind of the bud [i. e. goat] inside just like the Saami. Eyvindr drew heavily on earlier poetry in his works. The cognomen skáldaspillir means literally "spoiler of poets" and is sometimes translated as "plagiarist", though it might also mean that he was better than any other poet. He is mentioned in the second verse of the Norwegian national anthem.
Издания и переводы
Эвиндр Скальдаспиллер Финссон, в Дайане Уэйли (ред.), Поэзия из саг о королях 1: От мифических времен до ок. 1035 г., Скальдическая поэзия скандинавского средневековья, 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2012), https://www.skaldic.org/skaldic/m.php?p=skald&i=57