Введение
"Психокибернетика" – книга о самопомощи, написанная американским писателем Максвеллом Мальцем в 1960 году. Мотивационные и саморазвивающие эксперты, такие как Зиг Зиглар, Тони Роббинс и Брайан Трейси, основывают свои техники на работах Максвелла Мальца. Многие психологические методы тренировки элитных спортсменов также базируются на концепциях, изложенных в "Психокибернетике". Книга сочетает когнитивно-поведенческий подход к обучению человека регулированию самовосприятия, основанный на теориях Прескотта Лекки, с кибернетикой Норберта Винера и Джона фон Неймана. В ней утверждается, что связь между разумом и телом является ключевым фактором в достижении личных целей. Мальц заметил, что ожидания его пациентов пластической хирургии часто не оправдывались после операции, поэтому он искал способ помочь им сформулировать цель позитивного результата посредством визуализации этого результата. Он рассматривал это в контексте механизмов поиска целей, присущих как животным, так и самонаводящимся ракетам, которые он помогал разрабатывать во время Второй мировой войны. В "Психокибернетике" Мальц, опираясь на работы Винера, выделил следующие характеристики кибернетических механизмов:
Psycho Cybernetics is a self help book written by American writer Maxwell Maltz in 1960. Motivational and self help experts in personal development, including Zig Ziglar, Tony Robbins, Brian Tracy have based their techniques on Maxwell Maltz. Many of the psychological methods of training elite athletes are based on the concepts in Psycho Cybernetics as well. The book combines the cognitive behavioral technique of teaching an individual how to regulate self concept, using theories developed by Prescott Lecky, with the cybernetics of Norbert Wiener and John von Neumann. The book defines the mind body connection as the core in succeeding in attaining personal goals. Maltz found that his plastic surgery patients often had expectations that were not satisfied by the surgery, so he pursued a means of helping them set the goal of a positive outcome through visualization of that positive outcome. which describes both animals and the self guided missiles he helped develop in WWII as goal seeking mechanisms. In Psycho Cybernetics, Maltz observed from Wiener's work the following on cybernetic mechanisms:
There's a "mechanism" which
can accept a "goal"
has sensing equipment (cameras, radar, infrared, lasers)
has a propulsion system
has a correcting device
has some form of memory
The operator gives the mechanism a goal and "starts" it
During propulsion, the mechanism subtracts what it senses from the goal from the data received
If on track, nothing is done and it keeps going
If off track, the correcting device shifts until "the goal minus what it senses" is on track. The mechanism refers to successful moves in its memory, hitting the goal without having to search for the answer again. He noted that Wiener sees that man operates the same way. From this, he drew the following conclusions on a human being:
A person, for what is conscious, is "the operator", which can identify and offer goals
What's traditionally called the "subconscious mind" isn't a "mind" but a cybernetic mechanism built on our nervous system. it can accept a goal image and an emotion determines if it accepts it
The mechanism has sensing equipment like the eyes and ears
The various systems, primarily the musculature and nervous systems, propel the mechanism
The nervous system works with other systems as the correcting device
The memory can be used to see past successes, making future success more likely
The operator gives a goal to the mechanism (called the "Automatic Success Mechanism" and "Automatic Failure Mechanism", which refer to the same mechanism). The mechanism responds no matter what, whether the goal is "positive" or "negative". It will move toward it. The most powerful goal image is an image of ourselves, because it causes a wide variety of useful or harmful behaviors from the mechanism. When successful responses are found, we can remember past successes, and our mechanism will repeat the successful response. The core of nearly all bad results is the conscious giving bad goal images to the mechanism. Maltz viewed worry, or focusing on negative possibilities, as generating negative goal images that cause the mechanism, the subconscious, the set of human systems like the musculature, to drive toward it. At the same time, he viewed it as evidence that you could generate goal imagery, and that you could "worry" about positive images instead of negative. Positive results come from a positive goal focus. To see positive goals, he says that we need a realistic and adequate self image that recognizes these goals as possible and consistent with the self. He refers heavily to Prescott Lecky's idea that whatever is not consistent with the system of ideas a person has will get rejected. To have positive goals that the mechanism will move toward, the system of ideas, primarily the self image, needs to be set so that the positive goal image will be consistent with the other ideas. This will allow the operator to comfortably keep the goal image in mind, which the mechanism will act on.
Наличие "механизма", способного принимать "цель";
Наличие сенсорного оборудования (камер, радаров, инфракрасных датчиков, лазеров);
Наличие системы движения;
Наличие корректирующего устройства;
Наличие некоторой формы памяти.
Оператор задает механизму цель и "запускает" его.
В процессе движения механизм вычитает полученные данные о текущем положении из заданной цели.
Если механизм движется по правильному пути, никаких корректировок не требуется, и он продолжает движение.
Если механизм отклонился от пути, корректирующее устройство вносит изменения до тех пор, пока разница между "целью и текущим положением" не станет минимальной. Механизм использует в памяти информацию об успешных действиях, чтобы достигать цели, не тратя время на повторные поиски решения. Мальц отметил, что Винер считал, что человек функционирует аналогичным образом. Исходя из этого, он сделал следующие выводы о человеке:
Psycho Cybernetics is a self help book written by American writer Maxwell Maltz in 1960. Motivational and self help experts in personal development, including Zig Ziglar, Tony Robbins, Brian Tracy have based their techniques on Maxwell Maltz. Many of the psychological methods of training elite athletes are based on the concepts in Psycho Cybernetics as well. The book combines the cognitive behavioral technique of teaching an individual how to regulate self concept, using theories developed by Prescott Lecky, with the cybernetics of Norbert Wiener and John von Neumann. The book defines the mind body connection as the core in succeeding in attaining personal goals. Maltz found that his plastic surgery patients often had expectations that were not satisfied by the surgery, so he pursued a means of helping them set the goal of a positive outcome through visualization of that positive outcome. which describes both animals and the self guided missiles he helped develop in WWII as goal seeking mechanisms. In Psycho Cybernetics, Maltz observed from Wiener's work the following on cybernetic mechanisms:
There's a "mechanism" which
can accept a "goal"
has sensing equipment (cameras, radar, infrared, lasers)
has a propulsion system
has a correcting device
has some form of memory
The operator gives the mechanism a goal and "starts" it
During propulsion, the mechanism subtracts what it senses from the goal from the data received
If on track, nothing is done and it keeps going
If off track, the correcting device shifts until "the goal minus what it senses" is on track. The mechanism refers to successful moves in its memory, hitting the goal without having to search for the answer again. He noted that Wiener sees that man operates the same way. From this, he drew the following conclusions on a human being:
A person, for what is conscious, is "the operator", which can identify and offer goals
What's traditionally called the "subconscious mind" isn't a "mind" but a cybernetic mechanism built on our nervous system. it can accept a goal image and an emotion determines if it accepts it
The mechanism has sensing equipment like the eyes and ears
The various systems, primarily the musculature and nervous systems, propel the mechanism
The nervous system works with other systems as the correcting device
The memory can be used to see past successes, making future success more likely
The operator gives a goal to the mechanism (called the "Automatic Success Mechanism" and "Automatic Failure Mechanism", which refer to the same mechanism). The mechanism responds no matter what, whether the goal is "positive" or "negative". It will move toward it. The most powerful goal image is an image of ourselves, because it causes a wide variety of useful or harmful behaviors from the mechanism. When successful responses are found, we can remember past successes, and our mechanism will repeat the successful response. The core of nearly all bad results is the conscious giving bad goal images to the mechanism. Maltz viewed worry, or focusing on negative possibilities, as generating negative goal images that cause the mechanism, the subconscious, the set of human systems like the musculature, to drive toward it. At the same time, he viewed it as evidence that you could generate goal imagery, and that you could "worry" about positive images instead of negative. Positive results come from a positive goal focus. To see positive goals, he says that we need a realistic and adequate self image that recognizes these goals as possible and consistent with the self. He refers heavily to Prescott Lecky's idea that whatever is not consistent with the system of ideas a person has will get rejected. To have positive goals that the mechanism will move toward, the system of ideas, primarily the self image, needs to be set so that the positive goal image will be consistent with the other ideas. This will allow the operator to comfortably keep the goal image in mind, which the mechanism will act on.
Человек, в части сознательной деятельности, является "оператором", способным определять и формулировать цели.
То, что традиционно называют "подсознанием", – это не "ум", а кибернетический механизм, основанный на нашей нервной системе. Он способен принимать образ цели, а эмоции определяют, будет ли этот образ принят.
Механизм оснащен сенсорным оборудованием, таким как глаза и уши.
Различные системы, в первую очередь мускулатура и нервная система, обеспечивают движение механизма.
Нервная система работает совместно с другими системами, выполняя функцию корректирующего устройства.
Память позволяет анализировать прошлый опыт и повышать вероятность успеха в будущем.
Оператор задает механизму цель (называемый "Автоматическим механизмом успеха" и "Автоматическим механизмом неудачи", которые относятся к одному и тому же механизму). Механизм реагирует в любом случае, независимо от того, является ли цель "позитивной" или "негативной". Он будет стремиться к ней. Наиболее мощным образом цели является образ самого себя, поскольку он вызывает широкий спектр полезных или вредных действий механизма. Когда находятся эффективные способы достижения цели, мы можем вспомнить прошлые успехи, и механизм повторит успешные действия. Корень почти всех неудач – это сознательное формирование негативных образов цели для механизма. Мальц рассматривал беспокойство или концентрацию на негативных возможностях как создание негативных образов цели, которые заставляют механизм, подсознание, совокупность человеческих систем, таких как мускулатура, двигаться к ним. В то же время он рассматривал это как доказательство того, что можно формировать образы целей и "беспокоиться" о позитивных образах вместо негативных. Позитивные результаты достигаются благодаря позитивной ориентации на цель. Чтобы видеть позитивные цели, по его мнению, необходимо иметь реалистичное и адекватное представление о себе, которое признает эти цели возможными и соответствующими самовосприятию. Он часто ссылается на идею Прескотта Лекки о том, что все, что не соответствует системе убеждений человека, будет отвергнуто. Чтобы механизм двигался к позитивным целям, система убеждений, в первую очередь самообраз, должна быть настроена таким образом, чтобы позитивный образ цели соответствовал другим убеждениям. Это позволит оператору комфортно удерживать образ цели в сознании, на который механизм будет действовать.
Psycho Cybernetics is a self help book written by American writer Maxwell Maltz in 1960. Motivational and self help experts in personal development, including Zig Ziglar, Tony Robbins, Brian Tracy have based their techniques on Maxwell Maltz. Many of the psychological methods of training elite athletes are based on the concepts in Psycho Cybernetics as well. The book combines the cognitive behavioral technique of teaching an individual how to regulate self concept, using theories developed by Prescott Lecky, with the cybernetics of Norbert Wiener and John von Neumann. The book defines the mind body connection as the core in succeeding in attaining personal goals. Maltz found that his plastic surgery patients often had expectations that were not satisfied by the surgery, so he pursued a means of helping them set the goal of a positive outcome through visualization of that positive outcome. which describes both animals and the self guided missiles he helped develop in WWII as goal seeking mechanisms. In Psycho Cybernetics, Maltz observed from Wiener's work the following on cybernetic mechanisms:
There's a "mechanism" which
can accept a "goal"
has sensing equipment (cameras, radar, infrared, lasers)
has a propulsion system
has a correcting device
has some form of memory
The operator gives the mechanism a goal and "starts" it
During propulsion, the mechanism subtracts what it senses from the goal from the data received
If on track, nothing is done and it keeps going
If off track, the correcting device shifts until "the goal minus what it senses" is on track. The mechanism refers to successful moves in its memory, hitting the goal without having to search for the answer again. He noted that Wiener sees that man operates the same way. From this, he drew the following conclusions on a human being:
A person, for what is conscious, is "the operator", which can identify and offer goals
What's traditionally called the "subconscious mind" isn't a "mind" but a cybernetic mechanism built on our nervous system. it can accept a goal image and an emotion determines if it accepts it
The mechanism has sensing equipment like the eyes and ears
The various systems, primarily the musculature and nervous systems, propel the mechanism
The nervous system works with other systems as the correcting device
The memory can be used to see past successes, making future success more likely
The operator gives a goal to the mechanism (called the "Automatic Success Mechanism" and "Automatic Failure Mechanism", which refer to the same mechanism). The mechanism responds no matter what, whether the goal is "positive" or "negative". It will move toward it. The most powerful goal image is an image of ourselves, because it causes a wide variety of useful or harmful behaviors from the mechanism. When successful responses are found, we can remember past successes, and our mechanism will repeat the successful response. The core of nearly all bad results is the conscious giving bad goal images to the mechanism. Maltz viewed worry, or focusing on negative possibilities, as generating negative goal images that cause the mechanism, the subconscious, the set of human systems like the musculature, to drive toward it. At the same time, he viewed it as evidence that you could generate goal imagery, and that you could "worry" about positive images instead of negative. Positive results come from a positive goal focus. To see positive goals, he says that we need a realistic and adequate self image that recognizes these goals as possible and consistent with the self. He refers heavily to Prescott Lecky's idea that whatever is not consistent with the system of ideas a person has will get rejected. To have positive goals that the mechanism will move toward, the system of ideas, primarily the self image, needs to be set so that the positive goal image will be consistent with the other ideas. This will allow the operator to comfortably keep the goal image in mind, which the mechanism will act on.
Прием
Книга быстро стала бестселлером и непрерывно издаётся с 1960 года.