Введение
Арабское выражение Аль-Гайб – это арабское выражение, используемое для обозначения того, что нечто сокрыто (невидимо). Это важное понятие в исламе, охватывающее то, что непостижимо и непознаваемо для людей. К этому относятся Бог, атрибуты Бога, Судный день и связанные с ним события, а также сердце (кальб). Помимо теологического значения, оно может также означать что-то "невидимое" по отношению к наблюдателю, в том смысле, что кто-то действует в отсутствие наблюдателя или за его спиной. В целом, существа, классифицируемые западной наукой как сверхъестественные, такие как джинны, не рассматриваются как часть Аль-Гайба. В Коране оно представлено в 6 формах и имеет 3 значения. Однако оно также может использоваться в общем смысле для обозначения чего-то, что известно одним, но скрыто от других.
Al Ghaib is an Arabic expression used to convey that something is concealed (unseen). It is an important concept in Islam, encompassing what cannot be perceived or known by humans. This includes God, the attributes of God, the Last Day and its events, and the heart (qalb). Beyond the theological implications, it can also mean something "unseen" relative to an observer, in the sense that someone acts behind the perceiver's back. In general, creatures classified as supernatural in Western scholarship, such as Jinn, are not considered to be part of a ghayb. In the Quran it has 6 forms and 3 meanings. But it can also be used in a general sense to refer to something that is known to some but concealed from others.
Значение
В арабском языке, аль-Гайб относится ко всему, что скрыто тем или иным образом. Этот термин состоит из двух слов (определенного артикля и прилагательного) – "аль" и "Гайб", которые буквально переводятся как "определенный" и "невидимый" соответственно. Он обладает множеством сложных значений, происходящих из образного перевода "глубина колодца". Поскольку дно колодца визуально скрыто из-за своей глубины, его содержимое обычно невозможно определить. Таким образом, аль-Гайб относится к тому, что отсутствует, сокрыто или скрыто. Как и большинство прилагательных в арабском языке, аль-Гайб имеет трехбуквенный (триконсонантный) корень. Он состоит из трех корневых букв غ ي ب (гайн, йа, ба), приблизительно соответствующих g y b в английском языке.
В исламе
В исламском контексте, аль-Гайб относится к трансцендентным или божественным тайнам. Он упоминается в шестидесяти различных местах в Коране, в шести различных формах. Это – для того, чтобы Всемогущий Аллах знал, что я не совершил предательство в Его отсутствие, и что Аллах не ведет прямым путем козни предателей. (12:52) Он – Знающий сокровенное и явное, Великий и Возвышенный. (13:9) Скажи: «Я не обладаю властью принести себе пользу или причинить вред, кроме как по воле Аллаха. Если бы я знал сокровенное, то приобрел бы множество благ, и не коснулось бы меня зло. Я – лишь предостерегающий и возвещающий добрую весть для верующих людей». (7:188) (6:59)
Absent – "That is so al 'Azeez will know that I did not betray him in [his] absence and that Allah does not guide the plan of betrayers." (12:52)
The Unknown or Hidden – "[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted." (13:9)
The Future – "Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe." " (7:188) (6:59)
Examples of this form of Ghaib are illustrated in the narrations of Muhammad: It is narrated that Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The Keys of the Ghaib (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) 2. Al Ghaib al Nisbi (الغيب النسبي) Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and their situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. The Quran states that man (mankind) is unable to see God and his attributes. Belief in al Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith. He said, "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33)
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of God or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me. (6:50)
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in the clear book. (6:59)
Примеры этой формы аль-Гайба иллюстрируются в преданиях Мухаммада: Сообщается, что Абдулла ибн Умар сказал, что Посланник Аллаха сказал: «Ключи от сокровенного (невидимого знания) – пять, и никто не знает их, кроме Аллаха. Никто не знает, что произойдет завтра, кроме Аллаха; никто не знает, что находится в утробах, кроме Аллаха; никто не знает, когда выпадет дождь, кроме Аллаха; ни одна душа не знает, где она умрет, кроме Аллаха; и никто не знает, когда наступит Час Суда, кроме Аллаха».
Absent – "That is so al 'Azeez will know that I did not betray him in [his] absence and that Allah does not guide the plan of betrayers." (12:52)
The Unknown or Hidden – "[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted." (13:9)
The Future – "Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe." " (7:188) (6:59)
Examples of this form of Ghaib are illustrated in the narrations of Muhammad: It is narrated that Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The Keys of the Ghaib (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) 2. Al Ghaib al Nisbi (الغيب النسبي) Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and their situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. The Quran states that man (mankind) is unable to see God and his attributes. Belief in al Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith. He said, "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33)
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of God or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me. (6:50)
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in the clear book. (6:59)
2. Аль-Гайб аль-Нисби (الغيب النسبي) – Относительный Гайб пропорционален положению и обстоятельствам человека; поэтому он очевиден для одних, но скрыт от других. Примером, иллюстрирующим это, является аудитория, где студенты могут видеть преподавателя, слышать содержание лекции и разговоры, происходящие в классе, в то время как те, кто находится снаружи, не знают о происходящем в аудитории. Коран утверждает, что человек (человечество) не может видеть Бога и Его атрибуты. Вера в аль-Гайб считается важной чертой мусульманина, поскольку она позволяет совершать молитвы и проявлять веру. Он сказал: «Разве Я не говорил вам, что знаю сокровенное на небесах и на земле? И Я знаю то, что вы открываете и то, что скрываете». (2:33)
Absent – "That is so al 'Azeez will know that I did not betray him in [his] absence and that Allah does not guide the plan of betrayers." (12:52)
The Unknown or Hidden – "[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted." (13:9)
The Future – "Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe." " (7:188) (6:59)
Examples of this form of Ghaib are illustrated in the narrations of Muhammad: It is narrated that Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The Keys of the Ghaib (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) 2. Al Ghaib al Nisbi (الغيب النسبي) Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and their situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. The Quran states that man (mankind) is unable to see God and his attributes. Belief in al Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith. He said, "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33)
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of God or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me. (6:50)
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in the clear book. (6:59)
Скажи, о Мухаммад: «Я не говорю вам, что обладаю сокровищницами Аллаха, и не знаю сокровенного, и не говорю вам, что я – ангел. Я следую лишь тому, что ниспослано мне в откровении». (6:50)
Absent – "That is so al 'Azeez will know that I did not betray him in [his] absence and that Allah does not guide the plan of betrayers." (12:52)
The Unknown or Hidden – "[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted." (13:9)
The Future – "Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe." " (7:188) (6:59)
Examples of this form of Ghaib are illustrated in the narrations of Muhammad: It is narrated that Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The Keys of the Ghaib (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) 2. Al Ghaib al Nisbi (الغيب النسبي) Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and their situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. The Quran states that man (mankind) is unable to see God and his attributes. Belief in al Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith. He said, "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33)
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of God or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me. (6:50)
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in the clear book. (6:59)
И у Него ключи от сокровенного, и знает их только Он. Он знает то, что на суше и в море. И ни один лист не падает без Его ведома. И нет ни зерна во тьме земли, ни свежей, ни сухой вещи, которое не было бы записано в Ясной Книге. (6:59)
Absent – "That is so al 'Azeez will know that I did not betray him in [his] absence and that Allah does not guide the plan of betrayers." (12:52)
The Unknown or Hidden – "[Allah is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted." (13:9)
The Future – "Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe." " (7:188) (6:59)
Examples of this form of Ghaib are illustrated in the narrations of Muhammad: It is narrated that Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "The Keys of the Ghaib (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) 2. Al Ghaib al Nisbi (الغيب النسبي) Relative Ghaib is proportionate to an individual and their situation; hence it is apparent to some while hidden from others. An example to illustrate this notion is that of a class in which the students can see the lecturer, hear the content of the lecture, and the conversations that take place in the classroom, while those outside are unaware of the occurrences in the classroom. The Quran states that man (mankind) is unable to see God and his attributes. Belief in al Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith. He said, "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and what you have concealed." (2:33)
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of God or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me. (6:50)
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in the clear book. (6:59)