Итальянский анархо-синдикалистский профсоюз USI-AIT

Italian trade union

Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI; Italian Syndicalist Union or Italian Workers' Union) was an Italian anarcho syndicalist trade union. It was the Italian section of the International Workers' Association (IWA; Associazione Internazionale dei Lavoratori in Italian or AIT ''Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores in the common Spanish reference), and the name of USI was also abbreviated as USI AIT.

The USI was founded in 1912, after a group of workers, previously affiliated with the Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (CGL), met in Modena and declared themselves linked to the legacy of the First International, and later joined the anarcho syndicalist International Workers' Association. The most left wing camere del lavoro adhered in rapid succession to the USI, and it engaged in all major political battles for labor rights without ever adopting the militarist attitudes present with other trade unions. Nonetheless, after the outbreak of World War I, USI was shaken by the dispute around the issue of Italy's intervention in the conflict on the Entente Powers' side. The problem was made acute by the presence of eminent pro intervention, national syndicalist voices inside the body: Alceste De Ambris, Filippo Corridoni, and, initially, Giuseppe Di Vittorio. The union managed to maintain its opposition to militarism, under the leadership of Armando Borghi and Alberto Meschi and pro war elements were expelled from the USI in 1914. In response, pro intervention members established the Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista and joined the Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria, a new political movement attempting to unite all pro war leftist forces; many of their members would later establish the Unione Italiana del Lavoro (UIL) in 1918, a national syndicalist alternative to the USI.

When the war ended, USI peaked in numbers (it was during this time that it joined the IWA, becoming known as the USI AIT). It became a major opponent of Benito Mussolini and the Fascist regime, fighting street battles with the Blackshirts culminating in the August 1922 riots of Parma, when the USI AIT faced Italo Balbo and his Arditi. USI AIT was outlawed by Mussolini on 7 January, but resumed its activities in clandestinity and exile. It fought against Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War, alongside the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo and Federación Anarquista Ibérica, and took part in the Spanish Revolution. After World War II and the proclamation of the Republic, former members of the union followed the guidelines of the Federazione Anarchica Italiana that called for the creation of a unitary movement, and joined the Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL). When CGIL split in 1950, several activists refounded USI AIT.