Введение
Китайский ученый
Gongsun Long (, c. no – c. 320–250 BC), courtesy name Zibing (子秉), was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names (Logicians) of ancient Chinese philosophy. He ran a school, enjoyed the support of rulers, and advocated peaceful means of resolving disputes, in contrast to the wars which were common in the Warring States period. However, little is known about the particulars of his life, and furthermore many of his writings have been lost. All of his essays—fourteen originally but only six extant—are included in the anthology the Gongsun Longzi
In Book 17 of the Zhuangzi anthology, Gongsun thus speaks of himself:
When young, I studied the way of the former kings. When I grew up, I understood the practice of kindness and duty. I united the same and different, separated hard from white, made so the not so and admissible the inadmissible. I confounded the wits of the hundred schools and exhausted the eloquence of countless speakers. I took myself to have reached the ultimate. He is best known for a series of paradoxes in the tradition of Hui Shi, including "White horses are not horses," "When no thing is not the pointed out, to point out is not to point out," and "There is no 1 in 2." These paradoxes seem to suggest a similarity to the discovery in Greek philosophy that pure logic may lead to apparently absurd conclusions.
Гунсун Лун (公孫龍, ок. неизвестно – ок. 320–250 до н.э.), вежливое имя Цзыбин (子秉), был китайским философом, писателем и членом Школы имен (логиков) древней китайской философии. Он руководил школой, пользовался поддержкой правителей и выступал за мирные способы разрешения споров, в отличие от войн, характерных для периода Сражающихся царств. Однако о деталях его жизни известно немного, и к тому же многие его труды были утеряны. Все его эссе – изначально четырнадцать, но сохранилось лишь шесть – включены в антологию «Гунсун Лунцзы».
Gongsun Long (, c. no – c. 320–250 BC), courtesy name Zibing (子秉), was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names (Logicians) of ancient Chinese philosophy. He ran a school, enjoyed the support of rulers, and advocated peaceful means of resolving disputes, in contrast to the wars which were common in the Warring States period. However, little is known about the particulars of his life, and furthermore many of his writings have been lost. All of his essays—fourteen originally but only six extant—are included in the anthology the Gongsun Longzi
In Book 17 of the Zhuangzi anthology, Gongsun thus speaks of himself:
When young, I studied the way of the former kings. When I grew up, I understood the practice of kindness and duty. I united the same and different, separated hard from white, made so the not so and admissible the inadmissible. I confounded the wits of the hundred schools and exhausted the eloquence of countless speakers. I took myself to have reached the ultimate. He is best known for a series of paradoxes in the tradition of Hui Shi, including "White horses are not horses," "When no thing is not the pointed out, to point out is not to point out," and "There is no 1 in 2." These paradoxes seem to suggest a similarity to the discovery in Greek philosophy that pure logic may lead to apparently absurd conclusions.
В 17-й главе антологии «Чжуанцзы» Гунсун говорит о себе следующим образом:
Gongsun Long (, c. no – c. 320–250 BC), courtesy name Zibing (子秉), was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names (Logicians) of ancient Chinese philosophy. He ran a school, enjoyed the support of rulers, and advocated peaceful means of resolving disputes, in contrast to the wars which were common in the Warring States period. However, little is known about the particulars of his life, and furthermore many of his writings have been lost. All of his essays—fourteen originally but only six extant—are included in the anthology the Gongsun Longzi
In Book 17 of the Zhuangzi anthology, Gongsun thus speaks of himself:
When young, I studied the way of the former kings. When I grew up, I understood the practice of kindness and duty. I united the same and different, separated hard from white, made so the not so and admissible the inadmissible. I confounded the wits of the hundred schools and exhausted the eloquence of countless speakers. I took myself to have reached the ultimate. He is best known for a series of paradoxes in the tradition of Hui Shi, including "White horses are not horses," "When no thing is not the pointed out, to point out is not to point out," and "There is no 1 in 2." These paradoxes seem to suggest a similarity to the discovery in Greek philosophy that pure logic may lead to apparently absurd conclusions.
«В юности я изучал путь прежних ванов. Повзрослев, я постиг суть добродетели и долга. Я соединял одинаковое и различное, отделял твердое от белого, делал несуществующее существующим и недопустимое допустимым. Я ставил в замешательство умы представителей сотен школ и исчерпывал красноречие бесчисленных ораторов. Я полагал, что достиг предела». Он наиболее известен серией парадоксов в духе Хуй Ши, включая «Белые лошади – не лошади», «Когда ни на что не указывают, указать – значит не указать» и «В двух нет единицы». Эти парадоксы, кажется, указывают на сходство с открытием в греческой философии о том, что чистая логика может приводить к, на первый взгляд, абсурдным заключениям.
Gongsun Long (, c. no – c. 320–250 BC), courtesy name Zibing (子秉), was a Chinese philosopher, writer, and member of the School of Names (Logicians) of ancient Chinese philosophy. He ran a school, enjoyed the support of rulers, and advocated peaceful means of resolving disputes, in contrast to the wars which were common in the Warring States period. However, little is known about the particulars of his life, and furthermore many of his writings have been lost. All of his essays—fourteen originally but only six extant—are included in the anthology the Gongsun Longzi
In Book 17 of the Zhuangzi anthology, Gongsun thus speaks of himself:
When young, I studied the way of the former kings. When I grew up, I understood the practice of kindness and duty. I united the same and different, separated hard from white, made so the not so and admissible the inadmissible. I confounded the wits of the hundred schools and exhausted the eloquence of countless speakers. I took myself to have reached the ultimate. He is best known for a series of paradoxes in the tradition of Hui Shi, including "White horses are not horses," "When no thing is not the pointed out, to point out is not to point out," and "There is no 1 in 2." These paradoxes seem to suggest a similarity to the discovery in Greek philosophy that pure logic may lead to apparently absurd conclusions.
Исправление названий
Хотя английский перевод не передает всей глубины, профессор Чжэньбин Сун считает работы Гонсун Луна о мин-ши, или имени и реальности, наиболее "глубокими и систематическими" среди работ представителей Школы имен. Поскольку Гонсун Лун пользовался поддержкой правителей, его работы также касаются вопросов социального порядка. Другие интерпретации предлагались, в частности, Фун Юйланом и Чэдом Хансеном.