Губернаторы Гонконга: от британского правления к передаче Китаю

Head of the Hong Kong Government during British rule
the modern head of government of Hong Kong

The governor of Hong Kong was the representative of the British Crown in Hong Kong from 1843 to 1997. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and commander in chief of the British Forces Overseas Hong Kong. The governor's roles were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions. Upon the end of British rule and the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, most of the civil functions of this office went to the chief executive of Hong Kong, and military functions went to the commander of the People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison.

Authorities and duties of the governor were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions in 1843. The governor, appointed by the British monarch (on the advice of the Foreign Secretary), exercised the executive branch of the government of Hong Kong throughout British sovereignty and, with the exception of a brief experiment after World War II, no serious attempt was made to introduce representative government, until the final years of British rule. The governor of Hong Kong chaired the colonial cabinet, the Executive Council (ExCo), and, until 1993, was also the president of the Legislative Council. The governor appointed most, if not all, of the members of the colony's legislature (known colloquially as LegCo), which was largely an advisory body until the first indirect election to LegCo was held in 1985. Initially, both councils were dominated by British expatriates, but this progressively gave way to local Hong Kong Chinese appointees in later years. Historically, the governors of Hong Kong were either professional diplomats or senior colonial officials, except for the last governor, Chris Patten, who was a career politician. In December 1996, the governor's salary was HK$3,036,000 per annum, tax free. It was fixed at 125% of the chief secretary's salary. In the absence of the governor, the chief secretary immediately became the acting governor of the colony. The chief secretaries were historically drawn from the Colonial Office or British military. One Royal Navy Vice Admiral served as administrator after World War II. Four Japanese military officers (three Army officers and one naval vice admiral) served as administrators during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in World War II.

The governor of Hong Kong used a Daimler DS420 for day to day transport and a Rolls Royce Phantom V landaulet for ceremonial occasions. Both vehicles were removed by the Royal Navy immediately following the handover to China on 1 July 1997.

The first governor, Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Bt., resided at the site of the now Former French Mission Building from 1843 to 1846. It was used as the home of the Provisional Government after Japanese surrender from 1945 to 1946. The building now houses the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal. His successor, Sir John Davis, 1st Bt., also lived there before moving to Caine Road. Since the 4th governor, Sir John Bowring, the governors resided at Government House, excluding the period from 1941 to 1946. From 1941 to 1945 the Commandant of Japanese Forces as Military Governor of Hong Kong occupied Flagstaff House as their residence. The residence was returned to the Commander of British Forces following the end of World War II.

No. (Number) Portrait Name Term of office Origin Background Ref Took office Left office Duration Sir Charles Elliot義律Administrator 26 January 1841 12 August 1841 0 years, 198 days Dresden, Saxony Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China Alexander Robert Johnston莊士敦Acting Administrator 22 June 1841 1 February 1842 0 years, 141 days Colombo, Ceylon Deputy Superintendent of British Trade in China 13 June 1842 2 December 1842 0 years, 172 days Sir Henry Pottinger 砵甸乍Administrator 12 August 1841 26 June 1843 1 years, 47 days Ballymacarrett, Ireland Lieutenant General, East India Company 1 Sir Henry Pottinger 砵甸乍 26 June 1843 8 May 1844 0 years, 49 days Ballymacarrett, Ireland Lieutenant General 2 Sir John Francis Davis戴維斯 8 May 1844 21 March 1848 3 years, 51 days London, England Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China 3 Sir George Bonham文咸 21 March 1848 13 April 1854 6 years, 23 days London, England East India Company 4 Sir John Bowring寶靈 13 April 1854 2 May 1859 5 years, 19 days Exeter, England Member of Parliament (MP) William Caine堅Acting Governor 2 May 1859 9 September 1859 0 years, 130 days Maynooth, Ireland Colonial Secretary 5 Sir Hercules Robinson羅士敏 9 September 1859 15 March 1865 5 years, 178 days Westmeath, Ireland Colonial administrator William Thomas Mercer孖沙Acting Governor 15 March 1865 12 March 1866 0 years, 3 days London, England Colonial Secretary Henry Wase Whitfield威非路Lieutenant Governor 11 April 1872 16 April 1872 0 years, 5 days England Commander and lieutenant governor John Gardiner Austin柯士甸Administrator 1 March 1877 23 April 1877 0 years, 53 days Lowlands Plantation, Demerara Colonial administrator Malcolm Struan Tonnochy杜老誌Administrator 7 March 1882 28 March 1882 0 years, 21 days Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, India Colonial administrator 9 Sir George Bowen寶雲 30 March 1883 21 December 1885 2 years, 266 days County Donegal, Ireland Colonial administrator Sir William Henry Marsh馬殊Officer Administrating the Government 21 December 1885 25 April 1887 1 years, 240 days England Colonial administrator William Gordon Cameron金馬倫Officer Administering the Government 25 April 1887 6 October 1887 0 years, 164 days France Commander and lieutenant governor, British Army 10 Sir William Des Vœux德輔 6 October 1887 7 May 1891 3 years, 152 days Baden Baden, German Confederation Colonial administrator Sir George Digby Barker白加Officer Administering the Government 7 May 1891 10 December 1891 0 years, 217 days Clare, England Commander and lieutenant governor, British Army 11 Sir William Robinson羅便臣 10 December 1891 1 February 1898 6 years, 312 days Wetherden, England Colonial administrator Sir Wilsone Black布力Officer Administering the Government 1 February 1898 25 November 1898 0 years, 297 days Glasgow, Scotland Commander and lieutenant governor Sir Francis Henry May梅含理Officer Administering the Government 21 November 1903 29 July 1904 0 years, 115 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial Secretary Sir Francis Henry May梅含理Officer Administering the Government 20 April 1907 29 July 1907 0 years, 100 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial Secretary Claud Severn施勳Officer Administering the Government 16 March 1912 4 July 1912 0 years, 110 days Adelaide, South Australia Colonial administrator Claud Severn施勳Officer Administering the Government 12 September 1918 30 September 1919 1 years, 18 days Adelaide, South Australia Colonial administrator 17 Sir Cecil Clementi金文泰 1 November 1925 1 February 1930 4 years, 273 days Cawnpore, India Colonial administrator Thomas Southorn修頓Officer Administering the Government 1 February 1930 9 May 1930 0 years, 97 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary Thomas Southorn修頓Officer Administering the Government 17 May 1935 13 September 1935 0 years, 119 days Leamington Spa, England Colonial Secretary Norman Lockhart Smith史美Officer Administering the Government 13 September 1935 1 November 1935 0 years, 49 days Durham, England Colonial administrator Thomas Southorn修頓Officer Administering the Government 1 November 1935 12 December 1935 0 years, 41 days Leamington Spa, England Colonial Secretary Norman Lockhart Smith史美Officer Administering the Government 16 April 1937 28 October 1937 0 years, 195 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary Norman Lockhart Smith史美Officer Administering the Government 6 September 1941 10 September 1941 0 years, 4 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary 21 Sir Mark Aitchison Young楊慕琦 10 September 1941 25 December 1941 0 years, 106 days India Colonial administrator

No. (Number) Portrait Name Term of office Origin Background Ref Took office Left office Duration Takashi Sakai酒井隆Administrator 25 December 1941 20 February 1942 0 years, 308 days Kamo, Hiroshima Lieutenant general Masaichi Niimi新見政一Administrator Hiroshima, Hiroshima Vice admiral 1 Rensuke Isogai磯谷廉介 20 February 1942 24 December 1944 2 years, 308 days Tanba, Hyōgo Lieutenant general 2 Hisakazu Tanaka 田中久一 1 February 1945 16 August 1945 0 years, 196 days Himeji, Hyōgo Lieutenant general

No. (Number) Portrait Name Term of office Origin Background Ref Took office Left office Duration Sir Franklin Charles Gimson詹遜Provisional Governor 28 August 1945 30 August 1945 0 years, 2 days Leicestershire, England Colonial Secretary Sir Cecil Harcourt夏愨Military administration 1 September 1945 1 May 1946 0 years, 123 days London, England Admiral (Royal Navy) 21 Sir Mark Aitchison Young楊慕琦 1 May 1946 17 May 1947 1 years, 16 days India Colonial administrator David Mercer MacDougall麥道高Administrator 17 May 1947 25 July 1947 0 years, 69 days Perth, Scotland Colonial Secretary 22 Sir Alexander Grantham葛量洪 25 July 1947 31 December 1957 10 years, 159 days London, England Colonial administrator Edgeworth Beresford David戴維德Administrator 31 December 1957 23 January 1958 0 years, 342 days Dulwich, England Colonial Secretary 23 Sir Robert Brown Black柏立基 23 January 1958 31 March 1964 6 years, 68 days Edinburgh, Scotland Colonial administrator Edmund Brinsley Teesdale戴斯德Administrator 31 March 1964 14 April 1964 0 years, 14 days Shanghai, China Colonial Secretary 24 Sir David C. C. Trench戴麟趾 14 April 1964 19 October 1971 7 years, 188 days Quetta, India Colonial administrator Sir Hugh Norman Walker羅樂民Administrator 19 October 1971 19 November 1971 0 years, 31 days London, England Colonial Secretary 25 Sir Murray MacLehose麥理浩 19 November 1971 8 May 1982 10 years, 195 days Glasgow, Scotland UK Ambassador to Denmark Sir Philip Haddon Cave夏鼎基Acting governor 8 May 1982 20 May 1982 0 years, 12 days Hobart, Australia Chief Secretary 26 Sir Edward Youde尤德 20 May 1982 4 December 1986 4 years, 198 days Penarth, Wales UK Ambassador to China Sir David Akers Jones鍾逸傑Acting governor 4 December 1986 9 April 1987 0 years, 239 days Sussex, England Chief Secretary 27 Sir David Wilson衛奕信 9 April 1987 3 July 1992 5 years, 85 days Clackmannanshire, Scotland Diplomat Sir David Ford霍德Acting governor 3 July 1992 9 July 1992 0 years, 6 days England Chief Secretary 28 Chris Patten彭定康 9 July 1992 30 June 1997 4 years, 9 days Lancashire, England Chairman of Conservative Party