Введение
Нечеткость мышления, проявляющаяся в речи и использовании языка.
Психологические симптомы, включая обедненность речи и обедненность речевого содержания.
В психологии, алогия (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; от греческого ἀ-, "без", и λόγος, "речь" + новая латынь ia)
Может наблюдаться общий недостаток дополнительной, неинициированной информации в нормальной речи, поэтому ответы на вопросы могут быть краткими и конкретными, с меньшей спонтанностью. Это называется обедненностью речи.
Объем речи может быть нормальным, но передавать мало информации, поскольку она расплывчатая, пустая, стереотипная, чрезмерно конкретная, чрезмерно абстрактная или повторяющаяся. Это называется обедненностью содержания.
the psychological symptoms including poverty of speech and poverty of speech content
In psychology, alogia (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; from Greek ἀ , "without", and λόγος, "speech" + New Latin ia)
There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech, so replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with less spontaneous speech. This is termed poverty of speech
The amount of speech may be normal but conveys little information because it is vague, empty, stereotyped, overconcrete, overabstract, or repetitive. This is termed poverty of content
This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, severe depression, and autism. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, and is traditionally considered a negative symptom. It can complicate psychotherapy severely because of the considerable difficulty in holding a fluent conversation. The alternative meaning of alogia is inability to speak because of dysfunction in the central nervous system,
In this sense, the word is synonymous with aphasia,
Alogia is characterized by a lack of speech, often caused by a disruption in the thought process. Usually, an injury to the left side of the brain may cause alogia to appear in an individual. While in conversation, alogic patients will reply very sparsely and their answers to questions will lack spontaneous content; sometimes, they will even fail to answer at all. Their responses will be brief, generally only appearing as a response to a question or prompt. Apart from the lack of content in a reply, the manner in which the person delivers the reply is affected as well. Patients affected by alogia will often slur their responses, and not pronounce the consonants as clearly as usual. The few words spoken usually trail off into a whisper, or are just ended by the second syllable. Studies have shown a correlation between alogic ratings in individuals and the amount and duration of pauses in their speech when responding to a series of questions posed by the researcher. The inability to speak stems from a deeper mental inability that causes alogic patients to have difficulty grasping the right words mentally, as well as formulating their thoughts. If the condition is assessed using a language other than the individual's primary language, the medical professional needs to make sure that the problem is not from language barriers. This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, and severe depression. |
|
| align="center" | Poverty of speech
| align="center" | Normal speech
| valign="top"
|
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes. Q: How many? A: Two. Q: How old are they? A: Six and sixteen. Q: Are they boys or girls? A: One of each. Q: Who is the sixteen year old? A: The boy. Q: What is his name? A: Edmond. Q: And the girl's? A: Alice. |
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes, a boy and a girl. Q: How old are they? A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six. |}
The following example of "poverty of content of speech" is a response from a patient when asked why he was in a hospital. Speech is vague, conveys little information, but is not grossly incoherent and the amount of speech is not reduced. "I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything."
Это состояние связано с шизофренией, деменцией, тяжелой депрессией и аутизмом. Как симптом, оно часто встречается у пациентов с шизофренией и шизотипическим расстройством личности и традиционно считается негативным симптомом. Оно может серьезно осложнить психотерапию из-за значительных трудностей в поддержании связной беседы. Альтернативное значение алогии – неспособность говорить из-за дисфункции центральной нервной системы.
В этом смысле слово является синонимом афазии.
the psychological symptoms including poverty of speech and poverty of speech content
In psychology, alogia (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; from Greek ἀ , "without", and λόγος, "speech" + New Latin ia)
There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech, so replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with less spontaneous speech. This is termed poverty of speech
The amount of speech may be normal but conveys little information because it is vague, empty, stereotyped, overconcrete, overabstract, or repetitive. This is termed poverty of content
This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, severe depression, and autism. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, and is traditionally considered a negative symptom. It can complicate psychotherapy severely because of the considerable difficulty in holding a fluent conversation. The alternative meaning of alogia is inability to speak because of dysfunction in the central nervous system,
In this sense, the word is synonymous with aphasia,
Alogia is characterized by a lack of speech, often caused by a disruption in the thought process. Usually, an injury to the left side of the brain may cause alogia to appear in an individual. While in conversation, alogic patients will reply very sparsely and their answers to questions will lack spontaneous content; sometimes, they will even fail to answer at all. Their responses will be brief, generally only appearing as a response to a question or prompt. Apart from the lack of content in a reply, the manner in which the person delivers the reply is affected as well. Patients affected by alogia will often slur their responses, and not pronounce the consonants as clearly as usual. The few words spoken usually trail off into a whisper, or are just ended by the second syllable. Studies have shown a correlation between alogic ratings in individuals and the amount and duration of pauses in their speech when responding to a series of questions posed by the researcher. The inability to speak stems from a deeper mental inability that causes alogic patients to have difficulty grasping the right words mentally, as well as formulating their thoughts. If the condition is assessed using a language other than the individual's primary language, the medical professional needs to make sure that the problem is not from language barriers. This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, and severe depression. |
|
| align="center" | Poverty of speech
| align="center" | Normal speech
| valign="top"
|
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes. Q: How many? A: Two. Q: How old are they? A: Six and sixteen. Q: Are they boys or girls? A: One of each. Q: Who is the sixteen year old? A: The boy. Q: What is his name? A: Edmond. Q: And the girl's? A: Alice. |
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes, a boy and a girl. Q: How old are they? A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six. |}
The following example of "poverty of content of speech" is a response from a patient when asked why he was in a hospital. Speech is vague, conveys little information, but is not grossly incoherent and the amount of speech is not reduced. "I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything."
Алогия характеризуется недостатком речи, часто вызванным нарушением мыслительного процесса. Обычно повреждение левой стороны мозга может привести к появлению алогии. Во время разговора пациенты с алогией отвечают очень скупо, а их ответы на вопросы лишены спонтанности; иногда они даже вообще не отвечают. Их ответы кратки, как правило, появляются только в ответ на вопрос или просьбу. Помимо отсутствия содержания в ответе, страдает и манера, в которой человек его дает. Пациенты, страдающие алогией, часто невнятно произносят ответы и не произносят согласные так четко, как обычно. Несколько произнесенных слов обычно затихают в шепот или обрываются на втором слоге. Исследования показали корреляцию между оценками алогии у людей и количеством и продолжительностью пауз в их речи при ответе на серию вопросов, заданных исследователем. Неспособность говорить проистекает из более глубокой умственной неспособности, которая затрудняет пациентам с алогией понимание правильных слов и формулирование мыслей. Если состояние оценивается на языке, отличном от родного языка пациента, медицинскому специалисту необходимо убедиться, что проблема не связана с языковым барьером. Это состояние связано с шизофренией, деменцией и тяжелой депрессией.
the psychological symptoms including poverty of speech and poverty of speech content
In psychology, alogia (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; from Greek ἀ , "without", and λόγος, "speech" + New Latin ia)
There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech, so replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with less spontaneous speech. This is termed poverty of speech
The amount of speech may be normal but conveys little information because it is vague, empty, stereotyped, overconcrete, overabstract, or repetitive. This is termed poverty of content
This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, severe depression, and autism. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, and is traditionally considered a negative symptom. It can complicate psychotherapy severely because of the considerable difficulty in holding a fluent conversation. The alternative meaning of alogia is inability to speak because of dysfunction in the central nervous system,
In this sense, the word is synonymous with aphasia,
Alogia is characterized by a lack of speech, often caused by a disruption in the thought process. Usually, an injury to the left side of the brain may cause alogia to appear in an individual. While in conversation, alogic patients will reply very sparsely and their answers to questions will lack spontaneous content; sometimes, they will even fail to answer at all. Their responses will be brief, generally only appearing as a response to a question or prompt. Apart from the lack of content in a reply, the manner in which the person delivers the reply is affected as well. Patients affected by alogia will often slur their responses, and not pronounce the consonants as clearly as usual. The few words spoken usually trail off into a whisper, or are just ended by the second syllable. Studies have shown a correlation between alogic ratings in individuals and the amount and duration of pauses in their speech when responding to a series of questions posed by the researcher. The inability to speak stems from a deeper mental inability that causes alogic patients to have difficulty grasping the right words mentally, as well as formulating their thoughts. If the condition is assessed using a language other than the individual's primary language, the medical professional needs to make sure that the problem is not from language barriers. This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, and severe depression. |
|
| align="center" | Poverty of speech
| align="center" | Normal speech
| valign="top"
|
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes. Q: How many? A: Two. Q: How old are they? A: Six and sixteen. Q: Are they boys or girls? A: One of each. Q: Who is the sixteen year old? A: The boy. Q: What is his name? A: Edmond. Q: And the girl's? A: Alice. |
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes, a boy and a girl. Q: How old are they? A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six. |}
The following example of "poverty of content of speech" is a response from a patient when asked why he was in a hospital. Speech is vague, conveys little information, but is not grossly incoherent and the amount of speech is not reduced. "I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything."
| align="center" | Обедненность речи |
| align="center" | Нормальная речь |
| valign="top" |
В: У вас есть дети? О: Да. В: Сколько? О: Двое. В: Сколько им лет? О: Шесть и шестнадцать. В: Это мальчики или девочки? О: По одному из каждого. В: Кто шестнадцатилетний? О: Мальчик. В: Как его зовут? О: Эдмонд. В: А девочку? О: Алиса. |
В: У вас есть дети? О: Да, мальчик и девочка. В: Сколько им лет? О: Эдмонду шестнадцать, а Алисе шесть. |
the psychological symptoms including poverty of speech and poverty of speech content
In psychology, alogia (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; from Greek ἀ , "without", and λόγος, "speech" + New Latin ia)
There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech, so replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with less spontaneous speech. This is termed poverty of speech
The amount of speech may be normal but conveys little information because it is vague, empty, stereotyped, overconcrete, overabstract, or repetitive. This is termed poverty of content
This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, severe depression, and autism. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, and is traditionally considered a negative symptom. It can complicate psychotherapy severely because of the considerable difficulty in holding a fluent conversation. The alternative meaning of alogia is inability to speak because of dysfunction in the central nervous system,
In this sense, the word is synonymous with aphasia,
Alogia is characterized by a lack of speech, often caused by a disruption in the thought process. Usually, an injury to the left side of the brain may cause alogia to appear in an individual. While in conversation, alogic patients will reply very sparsely and their answers to questions will lack spontaneous content; sometimes, they will even fail to answer at all. Their responses will be brief, generally only appearing as a response to a question or prompt. Apart from the lack of content in a reply, the manner in which the person delivers the reply is affected as well. Patients affected by alogia will often slur their responses, and not pronounce the consonants as clearly as usual. The few words spoken usually trail off into a whisper, or are just ended by the second syllable. Studies have shown a correlation between alogic ratings in individuals and the amount and duration of pauses in their speech when responding to a series of questions posed by the researcher. The inability to speak stems from a deeper mental inability that causes alogic patients to have difficulty grasping the right words mentally, as well as formulating their thoughts. If the condition is assessed using a language other than the individual's primary language, the medical professional needs to make sure that the problem is not from language barriers. This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, and severe depression. |
|
| align="center" | Poverty of speech
| align="center" | Normal speech
| valign="top"
|
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes. Q: How many? A: Two. Q: How old are they? A: Six and sixteen. Q: Are they boys or girls? A: One of each. Q: Who is the sixteen year old? A: The boy. Q: What is his name? A: Edmond. Q: And the girl's? A: Alice. |
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes, a boy and a girl. Q: How old are they? A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six. |}
The following example of "poverty of content of speech" is a response from a patient when asked why he was in a hospital. Speech is vague, conveys little information, but is not grossly incoherent and the amount of speech is not reduced. "I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything."
Следующий пример "обедненности речевого содержания" – это ответ пациента на вопрос о том, почему он находится в больнице. Речь расплывчата, передает мало информации, но не является грубо несогласованной, и объем речи не уменьшен: "Я часто размышляю – это общая позиция мира – это тенденция, которая меняется со временем – она определяет вещи больше, чем другие – это в природе привычки – вот что я хотел бы сказать, чтобы объяснить все".
the psychological symptoms including poverty of speech and poverty of speech content
In psychology, alogia (,/eɪ/'/l//əʊ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ou//d//ʒ//i//ə//, //ə/'/l//ɒ//d//ʒ//i//ə//, // //d//ʒ//ə/; from Greek ἀ , "without", and λόγος, "speech" + New Latin ia)
There may be a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech, so replies to questions may be brief and concrete, with less spontaneous speech. This is termed poverty of speech
The amount of speech may be normal but conveys little information because it is vague, empty, stereotyped, overconcrete, overabstract, or repetitive. This is termed poverty of content
This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, severe depression, and autism. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder, and is traditionally considered a negative symptom. It can complicate psychotherapy severely because of the considerable difficulty in holding a fluent conversation. The alternative meaning of alogia is inability to speak because of dysfunction in the central nervous system,
In this sense, the word is synonymous with aphasia,
Alogia is characterized by a lack of speech, often caused by a disruption in the thought process. Usually, an injury to the left side of the brain may cause alogia to appear in an individual. While in conversation, alogic patients will reply very sparsely and their answers to questions will lack spontaneous content; sometimes, they will even fail to answer at all. Their responses will be brief, generally only appearing as a response to a question or prompt. Apart from the lack of content in a reply, the manner in which the person delivers the reply is affected as well. Patients affected by alogia will often slur their responses, and not pronounce the consonants as clearly as usual. The few words spoken usually trail off into a whisper, or are just ended by the second syllable. Studies have shown a correlation between alogic ratings in individuals and the amount and duration of pauses in their speech when responding to a series of questions posed by the researcher. The inability to speak stems from a deeper mental inability that causes alogic patients to have difficulty grasping the right words mentally, as well as formulating their thoughts. If the condition is assessed using a language other than the individual's primary language, the medical professional needs to make sure that the problem is not from language barriers. This condition is associated with schizophrenia, dementia, and severe depression. |
|
| align="center" | Poverty of speech
| align="center" | Normal speech
| valign="top"
|
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes. Q: How many? A: Two. Q: How old are they? A: Six and sixteen. Q: Are they boys or girls? A: One of each. Q: Who is the sixteen year old? A: The boy. Q: What is his name? A: Edmond. Q: And the girl's? A: Alice. |
Q: Do you have any children? A: Yes, a boy and a girl. Q: How old are they? A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six. |}
The following example of "poverty of content of speech" is a response from a patient when asked why he was in a hospital. Speech is vague, conveys little information, but is not grossly incoherent and the amount of speech is not reduced. "I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything."
Причины
Алогия может быть вызвана фронтостриатальной дисфункцией, приводящей к деградации семантического хранилища – центра, расположенного в височной доле и отвечающего за обработку значения в языке. Подгруппа пациентов с хронической шизофренией в эксперименте по генерации слов выдавала меньше слов, чем контрольная группа, и обладала ограниченным словарным запасом, что свидетельствует об ослаблении семантического хранилища. Другое исследование показало, что пациенты с шизофренией испытывали значительные трудности при назывании предметов из определенной категории, но заметно улучшали свои результаты, когда экспериментаторы использовали второй стимул для неосознанного направления их действий. Эти результаты были схожи с данными, полученными у пациентов с болезнью Гентингтона и болезнью Паркинсона – заболеваниями, также связанными с фронтостриатальной дисфункцией.
Лечение
Медицинские исследования показывают, что некоторые вспомогательные препараты эффективно облегчают негативные симптомы шизофрении, главным образом алогию. В одном исследовании Мапротилин вызвал наибольшее уменьшение симптомов алогии, с уменьшением их выраженности у 50% пациентов (из 10). Среди негативных симптомов шизофрении алогия демонстрировала вторую по эффективности реакцию на лекарственную терапию, уступая лишь дефициту внимания.
Связь с шизофренией
Хотя алогия встречается как симптом при различных расстройствах, она наиболее часто проявляется как негативный симптом шизофрении. Предыдущие исследования и анализы показывают, что для описания как позитивных, так и негативных симптомов шизофрении необходимо учитывать как минимум три фактора: психотический, дезорганизационный и фактор негативных симптомов. Исследования предполагают, что неадекватный аффект тесно связан с эксцентричным поведением и выраженным формальным расстройством мышления в рамках дезорганизационного фактора; нарушение внимания значительно коррелирует с психотическим, дезорганизационным и фактором негативных симптомов. Алогия включает в себя как позитивные, так и негативные симптомы, при этом бедность содержания речи относится к дезорганизационному фактору, а бедность речи, задержка ответа и прерывание мысли – к фактору негативных симптомов. Алогия является важным диагностическим признаком шизофрении после исключения органических психических расстройств. Негативные симптомы часто встречаются в продромальной и резидуальной фазах заболевания и могут быть выражены в высокой степени. В течение первого года негативные симптомы могут прогрессировать, особенно алогия, которая может начинаться с относительно невысокого уровня выраженности. В течение двух лет у до 25% пациентов развиваются значительные негативные симптомы. Психотические симптомы, как правило, ослабевают с возрастом, в то время как негативные симптомы, как правило, сохраняются. Ярко выраженные негативные симптомы в начале заболевания, включая алогию, являются хорошим предиктором неблагоприятного исхода. Негативные симптомы могут возникать на фоне других психиатрических симптомов. Позитивные симптомы часто являются причиной апатии, социальной изоляции и алогии. Вторичные причины негативных симптомов, такие как депрессия и деморализация, часто проходят в течение года, что помогает отличить их от первичных негативных симптомов. Симптомы, которые не уменьшаются в течение года на фоне медикаментозного лечения, следует рассматривать как возможные первичные негативные симптомы.