Двусторонняя коммуникация: виды, особенности и важность обратной связи.

Form of transmission in which both parties involved transmit information
Two way communication is a form of transmission in which both parties involved transmit information. Two way communication has also been referred to as interpersonal communication. Common forms of two way communication are:
Amateur radio, CB or FRS radio contacts. Chatrooms and instant messaging. Computer networks. See backchannel. In person communication. Telephone conversations. A cycle of communication and two way communication are actually two different things. If we examine closely the anatomy of communication – the actual structure and parts – we will discover that a cycle of communication is not a two way communication in its entirety. Meaning, two way communication is not as simple as one may infer. One can improve two way or interpersonal communication by focusing on the eyes of the person speaking, making eye contact, watching body language, responding appropriately with comments, questions, and paraphrasing, and summarizing to confirm main points and an accurate understanding. Two way communication is different from one way communication in that two way communication occurs when the receiver provides feedback to the sender. One way communication is when a message flows from sender to receiver only, thus providing no feedback. Some examples of one way communication are radio or television programs and listening to policy statements from top executives. Two way communication is especially significant in that it enables feedback to improve a situation. Two way communication involves feedback from the receiver to the sender. This allows the sender to know the message was received accurately by the receiver. One person is the sender, which means they send a message to another person via face to face, email, telephone, etc. The other person is the receiver, which means they are the one getting the senders message. Once receiving the message, the receiver sends a response back. For example, Person A sends an email to Person B > Person B responds with their own email back to Person A. The cycle then continues. This chart demonstrates two way communication and feedback. [Sender] ←
| \
[Encoding] \
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[Channel] [Feedback]
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[Decoding] /
| /
[Receiver] >

Two way communication may occur horizontally or vertically in the organization. When information is exchanged between superior and subordinate, it is known as vertical two way communication. On the other hand, when communication takes place between persons holding the same rank or position, it is called horizontal two way communication. Two way communication is represented in the following diagrams:

(Superior) > (Subordinate) > (Superior)
(Information) (Feedback)

There are many different types of two way communication systems, and choosing which is best to use depends on things like the intended use, the location, the number of users, the frequency band, and the cost of the system. “Regardless of the type of system chosen, the one common feature is that all of the components must be compatible and work together to support a common purpose.”

Amateur radio is used for entertainment and as a hobby by many groups of people. These individuals label themselves as “hams”. Amateur radios are also known to be a reliable means of communication when all other forms are not operating. In times of disaster, communication through Amateur radios has led to lives being saved. Citizens band radio (CB radio) can be used by anyone who is not a member of a foreign government. It is meant for short range communication using devices that mimic walkie talkies. Family Radio Service (FRS) is also meant for short range communication using devices that mimic walkie talkies. Like the CB radio, the FRS does not require a license and can be used by anyone who is not a member of a foreign government.

Instant messaging became wildly popular around 1996 and spread even more with AOL in 1997. The concept behind IM is that it is a way of quick communication between two people due to tools such as knowing when messages are seen or knowing when others are online. Many social media sites have integrated IM into their sites as ways to spread communication. Many social media sites have direct message or Private message. Called either PM or DM, where you can privately text one another from your social media account. Much different from Chat rooms. Chat rooms are messages to a group of people. Chat rooms are often public, meaning that you are able to send a message and anyone can freely join the “room” and view the message as well as respond.

As it relates to business, 75% of people believe in person communication is critical. In person interaction is useful for resolving problems more efficiently, generating long term relationships, and resolving a problem or creating an opportunity quickly. 4 out of 6 of the most important attributes of building a relationship cannot be achieved without the power of in person, which requires a rich communication environment. Business executives believe in person collaboration is critical for more than 50 percent of key business strategic and tactical business processes when engaging with colleagues, customers, or partners.

The telephone is a device that is relatively easy to understand and use. The technological advances that we have today has made it very easy to connect instantly with others from all over the world, making it simple to have a two way conversation with a neighbor or with someone many miles away. Telephones have gone under many changes throughout the years. For example, today's telephones use electronic switches instead of operators. The switch uses a dial tone so that when one picks up the phone you are aware that both the switch and the phone are functioning properly. Land line telephones are also not very common anymore. Another major change is that most people now use their mobile devices to make calls and communicate with others instead of landline telephones.

Computer networks are used to have two way communication by having computers exchange data. Ways that this is possible is wired interconnects and wireless interconnects. Types of wired interconnects are Ethernets and fiber optic cables. Ethernets connect local devices through Ethernet cables. Fiber runs underground for long distances and is the main source of Internet in most homes and businesses. Types of wireless interconnects include Wi Fi and Bluetooth. The problem with these networks is that they don't have unlimited connection span. To expand the reach there are wide area interconnects such as satellite and cellular networks. Also, there are long distance interconnects which need backhaul to move the data back and forth and last mile to connect the provider to the network.