Законопроект-омнибус: объединение бюджетных ассигнований в США

Type of appropriations bill
An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill in the United States that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year (one for each appropriations sub committee) to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill combines two or more of those bills into a single bill. Regular appropriations bills are typically written, debated, and passed by the House and the Senate during the summer. However, these versions can be different, especially if different parties control each chamber. The omnibus negotiating process takes place later in the year, and involves reconciling differences in the various bills so that an identical, combined appropriations bill can pass both chambers and avert a government shutdown.

Every year, Congress must pass bills that appropriate money for all discretionary government spending. Generally, one bill is passed for each sub committee of the twelve subcommittees in the U. S. House Committee on Appropriations and the matching 12 subcommittees in the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. When Congress does not or cannot produce separate bills in a timely fashion, it will roll many of the separate appropriations bills into one omnibus spending bill. Some of the reasons that Congress might not complete all the separate bills include partisan disagreement, disagreement amongst members of the same political party, and too much work on other bills. According to Walter J. Oleszek, a political science professor and "senior specialist in American national government at the Congressional Research Service", omnibus bills have become more popular since the 1980s because "party and committee leaders can package or bury controversial provisions in one massive bill to be voted up or down." Omnibus bills can also be used to "veto proof" items, by including measures that the president is expected to veto if they were submitted for signature on their own, but who is willing or pressured into signing an omnibus bill that includes those measures.

A "cromnibus" (portmanteau of "CR" and "omnibus") is a bill setting new funding levels for certain sectors of the federal government, while renewing the previous fiscal year's ones for others.