Pontiac LeMans: История Модели и Эволюция

Car models marketed by Pontiac division of General Motors
the vehicle of the same name produced between 1988 and 1994

The Pontiac LeMans /l//ə/'/m//ɑː//n//z/ is a model name applied to automobiles marketed by Pontiac. The name came from the French city of Le Mans, the site of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the world's oldest active sports car endurance race that began in 1923. Originally a trim upgrade package based on the Tempest, the LeMans became a separate model in 1963. In its first five generations spanning from 1961 until 1981 (1983 in Canada), the LeMans was a domestic RWD car; the first generation was a compact, with Gens 2 5 intermediates. From 1988 through 1993 the LeMans name was resurrected for a sixth generation, a FWD subcompact badge engineered version of the Daewoo LeMans manufactured by Daewoo in South Korea. Pontiac produced some notable GT/performance versions in the RWD models. The 1st generation not only featured a front engine/rear transaxle that very nearly resulted in an ideal 50/50 weight distribution, but also included four wheel independent suspension for nimble handling, and could be ordered with an optional Buick 215 aluminum V8 engine. The Pontiac GTO is credited with popularizing the muscle car market segment of the 1960s, and by many as the very first muscle car. The 1970 model year introduced the LeMans GT 37 package. The 1973 75 Grand Am and 1977 Can Am combined luxury with performance features to emulate European coupes, focusing on balancing handling with power. TOC

Toward the end of the 1961 model year, the LeMans was introduced as the top trim package of the compact sized Pontiac Tempest on GM's new Y body platform. The Tempest LeMans featured sportier and more luxurious features and standard equipment than the Tempest, including different badging and bucket seats. The trim option was available only on the two door sedan (pillared coupe) body style.

For the 1962 model year, the LeMans remained a trim package that was now also available in the convertible body style, as well as with the inline four cylinder, 4 barrel carbureted engine. There was no pillarless hardtop body style available in either the Tempest or LeMans.

For 1963, the LeMans name was still used only on two door coupes and convertibles but now was designated as a separate model in the Pontiac compact car lineup. This was available for one year. The four cylinder was standard and the V8 engine was optional.

The Tempest line was changed to an intermediate sized car on the new GM A platform for the 1964 model year. The LeMans was its own model, as in 1963, and included carpeted lower door panels, a deluxe steering wheel, courtesy lighting, and full wheel covers. For the 1964 model year, a two door hardtop was added. A new inline six cylinder engine was introduced,

Shortly after the start of the 1964 model year, the LeMans became available with a new performance package designated as the GTO, or 'Gran Turismo Omologato.' The GTO option included a V8 from the full sized Pontiac Catalina that produces with a four barrel carburetor or in the Tri Power (three Rochester 2GC two barrel carburetors) version.

Pontiac's 1965 A body intermediates included Tempest, Tempest Custom, Lemans, and GTO trim. The entire line was restyled, adding to the overall length while retaining the same wheelbase and interior dimensions. The new model had Pontiac's characteristic vertically stacked quad headlights. Overall weight was increased by about The dashboard design was changed, and a breakerless transistor ignition was a new option. A 326 cubic inch High Output engine was available with 4 barrel carburation for Tempest and Lemans. The 326 HO produces Ratings for the GTO version were increased to in the four barrel version and with the Tri Power option. The LeMans line was expanded to include a four door sedan for the 1965 model year.

The pillared 4 door sedan was replaced by a four door hardtop body style for the 1966 model year. The GTO became a separate model of its own for the 1966 model year, though retaining the same basic body as the Tempest and LeMans models. For 1966, all GM and Pontiac intermediates featured new styling featuring tunnel back rooflines on two door hardtops and pillared coupes. While the GTO continued as a big engined muscle car, the Tempest and LeMans models got a new SOHC straight six as the base engine. This engine, as well as the early Tempest with the transaxle in the rear, were ideas of Pontiac's Chief Engineer John DeLorean, who became Pontiac's general manager at the end of the 1965 model year. This engine was available in a one barrel carbureted, version as standard equipment on all Pontiac intermediates except GTOs. Optional on all Tempest and LeMans models except station wagons was a Sprint package that included a four barrel version of the I6 that also included a higher compression ratio and hotter cam, that was rated at , along with an "all syncro" floor mounted three speed transmission with Hurst shifter, suspension kit, and body striping. Optional were a two barrel V8 rated at and a four barrel 326 HO V8 that included higher compression ratio and dual exhausts.

For 1967, peak power of the Sprint 4 bbl OHC six cylinder increased to .

The four door Safari station wagon became available for the 1968 model year in the Tempest line. A new engine replaced the 326. This new engine was based on all existing Pontiac engine architecture and used the 389, 400, and 326 engines' crank at 3.75" stroke, and expanding the 326's 3.72" bore to 3.875" to give 353.8 cubic inches. It was marketed by Pontiac as a 350. For 1968, the 350 was available in two versions: with 2 bbl carburetor at 9.2:1 compression and with 4 bbl at 10.5:1. The OHC six cylinder was increased from its original 230 to 250 cubic inches by lengthening the stroke. Power in base form with single barrel carburetor increased by 10 to 175 hp, but peak power for the Sprint four barrel version remained unchanged at 215 hp.

For the 1969 model year, the 350 V8 engine came as 2 barrel and an optional 4 barrel version. The ten horsepower increase over 1968's engines was due to a different cam and the use of the #48 big valve heads, the same head used on the Ram Air 3 400 cubic inch engine and the 428 HO engine at The 1969 model year would be the last high performance version of the Pontiac 350. Also in its final year, the power rating of the Sprint 250 cu in OHC six increased from to with manual transmissions but remained at 215 hp with automatic transmission. The Sprint optioned Tempest and LeMans models were not popular choices for performance enthusiasts during their four year run, being outsold by the bigger engined GTO. The Sprint option and SOHC six cylinder engine were discontinued after 1969, and replaced with a Chevrolet built OHV six cylinder engine, becoming the base engine from 1970 until 1976 in most Pontiac intermediates. On the exterior, vent windows were eliminated on two door hardtops and convertibles, although they remained on two door pillared coupes and four doors.

For 1970, Pontiac’s intermediate lineup was reshuffled to include the Tempest, Lemans, Lemans Sport, GTO and GTO Judge series. The Le Mans nameplate was downgraded to replace the sub series previously known as the Tempest Custom, while the previous top Le Mans series was renamed the Le Mans Sport in the same three body styles as earlier, including a four door hardtop sedan, two door hardtop coupe and convertible. New for this year were Firebird inspired front bumpers, wrap around taillights, and crease style body lines. Replacing the Pontiac built OHC six cylinder as the base engine for Tempest, LeMans, and LeMans Sport was Chevrolet's 250 cubic inch straight six engine. V8 offerings included 350 and 400 cid options with 2 barrel carburation and a 400 cid 4 barrel carbureted engine with dual exhausts. The four barrel 350 HO was discontinued. Pontiac wanted to have a car that was less expensive than its Chevrolet counterpart, so in February 1970, Pontiac introduced the T 37 Hardtop Coupe, replacing the Tempest nameplate for the two door pillared coupe. The T 37 was initially described as "General Motors' lowest priced hardtop," but was undercut by a base Chevrolet Chevelle hardtop coupe introduced a few weeks later. The T 37 Coupe was followed by the introduction of a new option to the T 37, the GT 37 package. The GT 37 represented the "stripper" muscle car package. In addition to the three V8 engines, GT 37 extras included Rally II wheels sans trim rings, white letter tires, chrome tipped dual exhaust, vinyl accents stripes, 3 speed floor shift transmission, sport mirrors, hood locking pins, and "GT 37" badging.

For the 1971 model year, Pontiac dropped the Tempest name altogether and introduced its intermediate lineup as T 37, Lemans GT 37, Lemans, and Lemans Sport The GTO and GTO Judge were a separate line. Two door coupes and four door sedans were available with T 37, Lemans, and Lemans Sport. The 2 door Hardtop was available across the series, while the convertible model was limited to Lemans Sport and the GTO line. The GT 37 returned as a package to T 37 models and was marketed as "The GTO for Kids under 30." The GT 37 received the same feature package as the previous year with the exception of new eyebrow type side striping similar to that of the GTO Judge model. In mid March 1971, a second design change for the GT 37 switched the striping to a reflective sword style stripe sometimes referred to as the 1971 ½ GT 37. 1971 also afforded the customer the opportunity to choose any of Pontiac's optional V8s such as 350, 400, or 455 cubic inch models, including the 455 High Output (HO) engine. The 455 had only been offered on the GTOs in 1970 and came in a four barrel version or the High Output version. All 1971 engines were detuned with lower compression ratios to run on lower octane regular leaded, low lead, or unleaded gasoline. The brakes were 9.5 inch drums.

For 1972, all Pontiac intermediates were now Le Mans models, and the low priced T 37 line was replaced by a base Le Mans pillared coupe. The top line intermediate was the Luxury Le Mans, available in hardtop sedan and coupe models, featuring upgraded interiors compared to regular Le Mans models. The Le Mans Sport was available as a two door hardtop or convertible with Strato bucket seats and interiors from the Luxury Le Mans. The GTO was changed from a separate series back to an option package on Le Mans and Le Mans Sport coupes. Replacing the previous GT 37 option package for 1972 was the new "Le Mans GT" option, available on Le Mans pillared and hardtop coupes with any V8 ranging from the 350 two barrel to the 455 HO four barrel, and also included the same appearance and handling items carried over from the GT 37.

From 1973 until 1977, the Le Mans and other GM intermediates were much larger in size than previous models due to evolutionary changes that resulted in larger cars year after year and federally mandated 5 mph crash bumpers that added weight and length. During this period, Pontiac's intermediate lineup included the base Le Mans, Le Mans Sport Coupe, GTO (1973 only), Luxury Le Mans (became the Grand Le Mans in 1975), the Euro styled Grand Am from 1973 through 1975, and on the 1977 Can Am. Body styles were all based on GM's Colonnade design for both sedans and coupes (no convertibles or hardtops offered after 1972) that included center pillars for improved rollover safety standards but eliminated true hardtop design, along with frameless windows similar to a hardtop. Two door coupes featured triangular "fixed" rear side windows that did not open, which were covered with louvers on the Le Mans, LeMans Sport Coupe, GTO sport coupes, and the new Grand Am.

The 1973 Le Mans, along with all other GM intermediates, was all new, but retained the same wheelbase lengths of 112 inches for two door coupes, and 116 inches for four door sedans and station wagons. All models featured the federally mandated 5 mile per hour front bumpers along with single headlights. Handling capabilities were greatly improved on all models due to new front suspension components shared with the F body Pontiac Firebird and Chevrolet Camaro, improved rear coil suspension, and bias belted tires (except Grand Am versions, which included radial tires). Engine offerings were carried over from 1972 with revisions to meet the 1973 emission requirements. Standard on base Le Mans sedans and coupes was Chevrolet's 250 cubic inch inline six cylinder engine, while the Le Mans Sport Coupe, Luxury Le Mans sedans and coupes, and all Safari wagons got Pontiac's 350 cubic inch V8 with two barrel carburetor rated at standard (optional on base Le Mans models). Optionally available on Le Mans, Le Mans Sport, and Luxury Le Mans was a 400 cubic inch V8 with two barrel carburator and , a 400 four barrel (standard with the GTO option), and a 455 four barrel were optional on all models. Planned and listed as an option for the 1973 GTO but never materialized was a 455 Super Duty V8 rated at for which introduction was delayed by Pontiac management due to emission issues until the spring of 1973 and then became available only in the smaller Firebird Formula and Trans Am pony cars. A three speed automatic transmission was standard on Le Mans and Luxury Le Mans models while the GTO came with a floor mounted three speed with Hurst shifter. Available at extra cost was the three speed Turbo Hydra matic with all engines, while a four speed manual with Hurst shifter was available with the 400.

Changes for the 1974 Le Mans included new split grilles with horizontal bars on base Le Mans and Le Mans Sport models, while Luxury Le Mans models got chromed vertical bar split grilles. Model offerings in each series were the same as 1973, except for the addition of a new Luxury Le Mans Safari wagon and the transfer of the GTO series from the intermediate line to the compact Pontiac Ventura series. The federally mandated 5 mph bumpers matched the stronger front bumpers of the previous year giving a less curvaceous rear end treatment with vertical taillights and license plate/fuel filler moved above the bumper. Base Le Mans coupes retained the fixed full triangular rear side windows while Luxury Le Mans coupes got a smaller vertical opera window similar to the Grand Prix along with an optional Landau rear quarter vinyl roof. Le Mans Sport Coupes were now available with two rear side window treatments the louvered triangular version carried over or the opera window with Landau vinyl roof from the Luxury Le Mans. All engines were carried over from 1973 including the 250 inline six, and V8s including the 350 two barrel, 400 two and four barrel, and 455 four barrel. New to the options list for 1974 was a 350 four barrel. The same three and four speed manual transmissions were carried over for 1974 along with the three speed Turbo Hydra Matic. New to the options list for 1974 on all models were GM specification radial ply tires manufactured by GM's usual tire suppliers that included revised suspension tuning.

The 1975 Le Mans received mostly trim changes including new crosshatch grilles on base and Sport models, and a distinctive vertical bar grille with more chrome on the Grand Le Mans (renamed from Luxury Le Mans) series cars and only revised nameplates and taillight lenses in the rear. Interiors were revised on top Grand Le Mans cars to include the distinctive wrap around dashboard from the Grand Prix and Grand Am models with simulated African Crossfire Mahogany trim, a notchback bench seat with armrest in sedans and wagons, or a no cost choice of the notchback bench or Strato bucket seats in coupes. Base Le Mans and Sport Coupe models carried over trim only slightly revised from 1974 including a revised Custom Cushioned steering wheel. Pontiac's Maximum Mileage System consisted of GM's new catalytic converter that reduced emissions while improving drivability and fuel economy, a High Energy electronic ignition, and lengthened routine maintenance intervals. Radial tires were standard on all models and a "Radial Tuned Suspension" option was available that included upgraded radial tires along with front and rear sway bars. Engines were revised for 1975 to meet that year's emission requirements and mated to the catalytic converter, which spelled the end of true dual exhausts. The 250 cubic inch Chevy inline six was standard on base Le Mans coupes and sedans while the 350 two barrel V8 was optional and standard on the Le Mans Sport Coupe, and Grand Le Mans sedans and coupes, and optional engines on all of those models including a 350 four barrel and a 400 two barrel. Le Mans and Grand Le Mans Safari wagons came standard with a 400 four barrel engine that was optional on other models. The 455 V8 was discontinued for all LeMans models for 1975, but was still available in the Grand Am. Transmission offerings included a three speed manual standard with the six cylinder and 350 two barrel V8, with the three speed Turbo Hydra matic optional with those engines, a "mandatory" option with all other engines in sedans and coupes, and standard on the Safari wagons. The Hurst shifted four speed manual was no longer offered.

For 1976, the Le Mans and Grand Le Mans were the only Pontiac intermediate offerings with the discontinuation of the Grand Am series. All models received new rectangular headlights with distinct grilles unique to the base and Le Mans Sport and another one for the Grand Le Mans. The Grand Le Mans had the instrument panel of the 1973 75 Gran Am, while the Le Mans and Le Mans Sport continued with the regular dash. The 1973 75 Luxury Le Mans had the regular Le Mans instrument panel. The Chevy built 250 straight six was now standard on all Le Mans and Grand Le Mans sedans and coupes along with the Le Mans Sport Coupe with V8 options including a new "Oldsmobile built" 260 V8 and Pontiac V8s of 350 and 400 cubic inches with two or four barrel carburetion (400 four barrel still standard on all Safari wagons), along with the return of the 455 four barrel V8 after a one year absence. The three speed manual transmission was standard with the Chevy six with Turbo Hydra matic optional, the latter now the only transmission offered with all V8s except the small 260 which could be ordered with a five speed manual in the Le Mans Sport Coupe. Also new for 1976 was an "Enforcer" police package on Le Mans sedans with either the 400 or 455 V8s that included Turbo Hydra matic transmission, variable ratio power steering, heavy duty power front disc brakes, and suspension tuning.

The 1977 model year was the last for the Le Mans and Grand Le Mans built off the 1973 vintage Colonnade body. Appearance changes were limited to revised grilles and taillight lenses. Engine offerings were revised with Buick's 231 cubic inch V6 replacing the Chevy inline six as the base power plant in sedans and coupes. The base V8 (standard on Safari wagons and optional on other models) was Pontiac's new 301 cubic inch engine based on the same V8 engine block as other Pontiac V8s but utilized many lightweight components. Optional V8s were pared down to Pontiac built 350 and 400 four barrel powerplants. The three speed manual was the standard transmission on V6 models, while the Turbo Hydra matic was optional and the only transmission available with the V8 engines. Those drivetrain offerings were available in 49 states. In California, Pontiac V8s were not offered for 1977 due to the inability to meet that state's more stringent regulations. For California, the Buick V6 was standard on most models with the available V8 engines were Oldsmobile's 350 and 403 four barrel engines. Turbo Hydra Matic was the only transmission offered in California. A sporty performance model based on the Le Mans Sport Coupe called the Pontiac Can Am was a one year only offering for 1977. The Can Am came standard with the 400 four barrel V8 in 49 states or the Olds 403 four barrel in California, along with Turbo Hydra matic transmission, a Grand Prix instrument panel and console, Strato bucket seats, and a rear spoiler. It was partially intended as a replacement for the 1973 75 Grand Am, whose departure had caused A body sales to drop significantly, while these Pontiac models had been the weakest sellers of the line with a high percentage of low profit fleet sales. For the final year of the Colonnade Le Mans models, they were joined by newly downsized B body Catalina and Bonneville full sized cars, which weighed a few pounds less than the "intermediates" and rode on the same 116 inch wheelbase length as the Le Mans sedans and Safari wagons and also had similar dimensions as far as length and width were concerned. The intermediates would have to wait one more year for downsizing, and although the new B bodies made them redundant, it was still considered necessary to sell both as a hedge in case the B body cars proved to be troublesome. In addition, many customers still preferred the Colonnade intermediates to the B bodies and they continued to sell well for their final year, mostly thanks to the coupe models.

In 1978, the Le Mans and other GM mid sized cars were considerably downsized and lost some 600 800 lb. Pontiac's engines were also downsized, with the standard engine being the Buick 3.8 L 231 ci V6, Pontiac 265 ci V8, or optional Pontiac 4.9 L 301 ci V8 for 1978, (a Chevy 305 ci V8 in California). 1978 also saw Pontiac's 350 ci & 400 ci engine production shut down after many years of service as its hallmark V8s. A limited production run of 400ci engines was made, but were only available in 1978 and 1979 Trans Ams equipped with the four speed manual transmission. Chevrolet's 350 V8 was available in 1979 LeMans Safaris (station wagon) only. From 1978 through 1980, Pontiac's mid sized lineup included the base Le Mans, Grand Le Mans, and a revived Grand Am; all available as a Coupe, Sedan, or Wagon. In 1980, the Grand Am was only offered only as a coupe, and the "Grand Am" nameplate was again discontinued until 1985, when it was used on Pontiac's new compact car — a form the Grand Am would take for the next two decades. It was an early introduction for the model year, with sales beginning in June 1987. Marking the switch of the subcompact T body to front wheel drive in North America, the LeMans was a captive import of the Daewoo LeMans from South Korea, offered in three door hatchback (called the "Aerocoupe") and four door sedan body styles (a five door hatchback was also offered in New Zealand). The joint venture with Daewoo, in which the two companies built a new factory expressly to assemble the new T car, had been announced in January 1984 but was delayed due to a period of political turmoil. The throttle body injected 1.6 liter engine producing at 5,600 rpm was also an Opel design, built in South Korea. The introductory lineup all had this engine and consisted of the Value Leader ("VL", only as a three door Aerocoupe), the standard LeMans (Sedan or Aerocoupe), and the SE (Sedan only) on top. A four speed manual was standard equipment, with a five speed version (standard on the SE) and a three speed automatic optionally available. The LeMans was also sold in Canada through General Motors' Passport International Division as the "Passport Optima." In February 1988, a new model was released, going on sale the following month: the new sportier Pontiac LeMans GSE Aerocoupe, positioned similarly to the Opel Kadett GSi, was equipped with an Australian built 2.0 L four cylinder engine also used in the Pontiac Sunbird. For 1990, Pontiac added quicker steering on the GSE but the model did not return for 1991. This left the Base model (3 door only) and the LE (both body styles). For the 1992 model year the LeMans received some very minor changes including amber turn signals at the rear and a new color (Bright Yellow). The lineup was renamed SE "Value Leader" Aerocoupe, with the better equipped version called SE (Aerocoupe/Sedan). Model year sales dropped to under 20,000 cars, a far cry from the planned 90,000 per year. For 1993 the LeMans received a facelift, with a reworked front, new side moldings, and superficially changed taillights. The mechanical parts, however, remained mostly as they had been in 1987. This version was called the Asüna SE/GT in the Canadian market, where it replaced the Passport Optima. The SE was available as a three door hatchback or four door sedan, while the sporty and better equipped GT only came as a hatchback. The Asüna SE and GT were only available for the 1993 model year; in 1994, the Asüna brand was discontinued altogether. In North America, poor quality tarnished sales as well as the relationship between the companies. Daewoo's joint venture with General Motors ended in 1992, and the Pontiac LeMans (and Asüna SE/GT) were discontinued after the 1993 model year with no replacement, ending the final use of the LeMans nameplate. In 1994, Daewoo updated the LeMans/Racer and renamed it the Cielo; the model line continued to be built in numerous countries until 2016. In North America, Pontiac left the subcompact segment until 2005, when they introduced a rebadged Chevrolet Aveo four door in Canada as the Pontiac Wave. This was replaced by the Pontiac G3 hatchback for 2009; this was briefly marketed in the United States as well. In 2010 (the final year of Pontiac), the G3 was available only in Canada.

It was also sold in New Zealand as the Pontiac LeMans from 1989, becoming the first Pontiac badged car to be sold on the NZ market since the Canadian sourced Pontiac Laurentian of the 1960s. In addition to the body styles available in North America, New Zealand also received the five door hatchback.