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Введение
ни один. Это список линкоров Российской империи и Советского Союза. + Основное вооружение: количество и тип главного калибра. Броня: толщина броневого пояса. Водоизмещение: водоизмещение корабля в полном боевом грузу. Движение: количество валов, тип двигательной установки, проектная мощность в лошадиных силах и максимальная скорость в узлах. Служба: даты начала и окончания строительства корабля и его дальнейшая судьба. Заложен: дата начала сборки киля. Спущен на воду: дата спуска корабля на воду. Введен в строй: дата вступления корабля в строй. TOC
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This is a list of battleships of Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. + Key Armament The number and type of the primary armament Armor The thickness of the belt armor. Displacement Ship displacement at full combat load Propulsion Number of shafts, type of propulsion system, designed indicated horsepower, and top speed in knots Service The dates work began and finished on the ship and its ultimate fate Laid down The date the keel began to be assembled Launched The date that the ship was launched Commissioned The date the ship was commissioned
TOC
Класс Гангут
Линейные корабли типа "Гангут" были первыми дредноутами, построенными для Императорского Российского флота, заложенными до начала Первой мировой войны. Их задачей была оборона устья Финского залива от германского флота, который так и не предпринял попыток вторжения, поэтому корабли большую часть времени использовали для тренировок и прикрытия операций по постановке минных заграждений. Их экипажи приняли участие в общем мятеже Балтийского флота после Февральской революции 1917 года и присоединились к большевикам в 1918 году. После обретения Финляндией независимости в декабре 1917 года русским пришлось эвакуировать военно-морскую базу в Хельсинки. Корабли типа "Гангут" возглавили первый отряд кораблей, прибывших в Кронштадт, несмотря на то, что Финский залив оставался скованным льдом. Все дредноуты, за исключением русского линкора "Петропавловск", были поставлены на консервацию в октябре-ноябре 1918 года из-за нехватки личного состава. Русский линкор "Полтава" получил серьезные повреждения в результате пожара во время консервации в 1919 году. "Петропавловск" оставался в строю для обороны Кронштадта и Ленинграда от британских сил, поддерживавших белых, хотя он также участвовал в подавлении мятежа гарнизона форта Красная Горка в 1919 году. Экипажи "Петропавловска" и русского линкора "Севастополь" присоединились к Кронштадтскому восстанию в марте 1921 года. После его жестокого подавления кораблям были присвоены новые, "революционные" имена. Советский линкор "Парижская Коммуна", бывший "Севастополь", был модернизирован в 1928 году для улучшения мореходных качеств, чтобы его можно было перевести в Черноморский флот, располагавший лишь легкими крейсерами. Это стало первым из ряда модернизаций, в ходе которых каждый корабль типа постепенно реконструировался и улучшался. В 1930-х годах было предложено несколько проектов по перестройке советского линкора "Фрунзе", бывшего "Полтава", для приведения его в соответствие с другими кораблями типа или даже в линейный крейсер путем демонтажа одной башни, но они не были реализованы, и корабль был поставлен на швартовку в ожидании утилизации. Два корабля Балтийского флота не сыграли значительной роли в Зимней войне, но перед операцией "Барбаросса" в 1941 году значительно увеличили количество зенитных орудий. Однако это не помогло ни одному из кораблей, когда они пытались обеспечить огневую поддержку защитникам Ленинграда. У советского линкора "Марат" было оторвано носовое отделение, а советский линкор "Октябрьская Революция" получил серьезные повреждения от многочисленных бомб в сентябре. Первый был потоплен, но затем поднят и превращен в плавучую батарею на время блокады Ленинграда, в то время как второй более года находился на ремонте, который был продлен из-за последующих бомбовых ударов на верфи. Оба корабля обстреливали немецкие и финские войска, пока они оставались в пределах досягаемости, но "Октябрьская Революция" не покидала Кронштадт на протяжении всей войны. "Парижская Коммуна" оставалась в Севастополе до эвакуации под натиском немецких войск. Она совершила один рейс в осажденный Севастополь в декабре 1941 года и провела несколько обстрелов в поддержку Керченского наступления в январе-марте 1942 года. В апреле корабль был выведен из боя, поскольку превосходство немецкой авиации делало слишком рискованным использование такой большой цели. "Севастополь" и "Октябрьская Революция" оставались в списках активных кораблей после окончания войны, хотя об их деятельности известно мало. В 1954 году оба корабля были переклассифицированы в "учебные линкоры" (учебный линейный корабль) и списаны в 1956 году, после чего были постепенно разобраны. Существовало несколько проектов (проект 27) по реконструкции "Петропавловска" с использованием носовой части "Фрунзе", но они не были приняты и были официально отменены 29 июня 1948 года. В 1950 году корабль был переименован в "Волхов" и служил стационарным учебным судном до списания в 1953 году и последующей утилизации. "Фрунзе" был окончательно разобран, начиная с 1949 года.
The Gangut class battleships were the first dreadnoughts built for the Imperial Russian Navy, begun before World War I. Their role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so the ships spent their time training and providing cover for minelaying operations. Their crews participated in the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet after the February Revolution in 1917, and joined the Bolsheviks the following year. The Russians were forced to evacuate their naval base at Helsinki after Finland became independent in December 1917. The Gangut class ships led the first contingent of ships to Kronstadt even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen. All of the dreadnoughts except for Russian battleship Petropavlovsk were laid up in October–November 1918 for lack of manpower. Russian battleship Poltava was severely damaged by a fire while laid up in 1919. Petropavlovsk was retained in commission to defend Kronstadt and Leningrad against the British forces supporting the White Russians although she also helped to suppress a mutiny by the garrison of Fort Krasnaya Gorka in 1919. Her crew, and that of Russian battleship Sevastopol, joined the Kronstadt Rebellion of March 1921. After it was bloodily crushed, those ships were given proper 'revolutionary' names. Soviet battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna, the former Sevastopol, was modified in 1928 to improve her sea keeping abilities so that she could be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet which had nothing heavier than a light cruiser available. This proved to be the first of a series of modernizations where each ship of the class was progressively reconstructed and improved. A number of proposals were made in the 1930s to rebuild Soviet battleship Frunze, ex Poltava, to match her sisters or even as a battlecruiser by removing one turret, but these came to naught and she was hulked preparatory to scrapping. The two ships of the Baltic Fleet did not play a prominent role in the Winter War, but did have their anti aircraft guns significantly increased before Operation Barbarossa in 1941. However this did not help either ship as they attempted to provide fire support for the defenders of Leningrad. Soviet battleship Marat had her bow blown off and Soviet battleship Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya was badly damaged by multiple bomb hits in September. The former was sunk, but later raised and became a floating battery for the duration of the Siege of Leningrad while the latter spent over a year under repair, although this was lengthened by subsequent bomb hits while in the hands of the shipyard. Both ships bombarded German and Finnish troops so long as they remained within reach, but Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya did not venture away from Kronstadt for the duration of the war. Parizhskaya Kommuna remained in Sevastopol until forced to evacuate by advancing German troops. She made one trip to besieged Sevastopol in December 1941 and made a number of bombardments in support of the Kerch Offensive during January–March 1942. She was withdrawn from combat in April as German aerial supremacy had made it too risky to risk such a large target. Sevastopol and Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya remained on the active list after the end of the war although little is known of their activities. Both were reclassified as 'school battleships' (uchebnyi lineinyi korabl) in 1954 and stricken in 1956 after which they were slowly scrapped. There were several plans (Project 27) to reconstruct Petropavlovsk using the bow of Frunze, but they were not accepted and were formally cancelled on 29 June 1948. She was renamed Volkhov in 1950 and served as a stationary training ship until stricken in 1953 and subsequently broken up. Frunze was finally scrapped beginning in 1949. Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service Laid down Launched FateRussian battleship Gangut (Гангут) 12 × 12 in 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 16 June 1909 20 October 1911 Stricken, 17 February 1956Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) 22 September 1911 Stricken, 4 September 1953Russian battleship Sevastopol (Севастополь) 10 July 1911 Scrapped beginning in 1949. Russian battleship Poltava (Полтава) 23 July 1911 Stricken, 17 February 1956
Вооружение корабля Броня Водоизмещение Движение Служба Заложена Спущена СудьбаРоссийский линкор "Гангут" (Гангут) 12 × 12 дюймов 4 винта, 4 паровые турбины, 16 июня 1909 20 октября 1911 Списан, 17 февраля 1956Российский линкор "Петропавловск" (Петропавловск) 22 сентября 1911 Списан, 4 сентября 1953Российский линкор "Севастополь" (Севастополь) 10 июля 1911 Разобран с начала 1949 года. Русский линкор "Полтава" 23 июля 1911 Списан, 17 февраля 1956
The Gangut class battleships were the first dreadnoughts built for the Imperial Russian Navy, begun before World War I. Their role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so the ships spent their time training and providing cover for minelaying operations. Their crews participated in the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet after the February Revolution in 1917, and joined the Bolsheviks the following year. The Russians were forced to evacuate their naval base at Helsinki after Finland became independent in December 1917. The Gangut class ships led the first contingent of ships to Kronstadt even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen. All of the dreadnoughts except for Russian battleship Petropavlovsk were laid up in October–November 1918 for lack of manpower. Russian battleship Poltava was severely damaged by a fire while laid up in 1919. Petropavlovsk was retained in commission to defend Kronstadt and Leningrad against the British forces supporting the White Russians although she also helped to suppress a mutiny by the garrison of Fort Krasnaya Gorka in 1919. Her crew, and that of Russian battleship Sevastopol, joined the Kronstadt Rebellion of March 1921. After it was bloodily crushed, those ships were given proper 'revolutionary' names. Soviet battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna, the former Sevastopol, was modified in 1928 to improve her sea keeping abilities so that she could be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet which had nothing heavier than a light cruiser available. This proved to be the first of a series of modernizations where each ship of the class was progressively reconstructed and improved. A number of proposals were made in the 1930s to rebuild Soviet battleship Frunze, ex Poltava, to match her sisters or even as a battlecruiser by removing one turret, but these came to naught and she was hulked preparatory to scrapping. The two ships of the Baltic Fleet did not play a prominent role in the Winter War, but did have their anti aircraft guns significantly increased before Operation Barbarossa in 1941. However this did not help either ship as they attempted to provide fire support for the defenders of Leningrad. Soviet battleship Marat had her bow blown off and Soviet battleship Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya was badly damaged by multiple bomb hits in September. The former was sunk, but later raised and became a floating battery for the duration of the Siege of Leningrad while the latter spent over a year under repair, although this was lengthened by subsequent bomb hits while in the hands of the shipyard. Both ships bombarded German and Finnish troops so long as they remained within reach, but Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya did not venture away from Kronstadt for the duration of the war. Parizhskaya Kommuna remained in Sevastopol until forced to evacuate by advancing German troops. She made one trip to besieged Sevastopol in December 1941 and made a number of bombardments in support of the Kerch Offensive during January–March 1942. She was withdrawn from combat in April as German aerial supremacy had made it too risky to risk such a large target. Sevastopol and Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya remained on the active list after the end of the war although little is known of their activities. Both were reclassified as 'school battleships' (uchebnyi lineinyi korabl) in 1954 and stricken in 1956 after which they were slowly scrapped. There were several plans (Project 27) to reconstruct Petropavlovsk using the bow of Frunze, but they were not accepted and were formally cancelled on 29 June 1948. She was renamed Volkhov in 1950 and served as a stationary training ship until stricken in 1953 and subsequently broken up. Frunze was finally scrapped beginning in 1949. Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service Laid down Launched FateRussian battleship Gangut (Гангут) 12 × 12 in 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 16 June 1909 20 October 1911 Stricken, 17 February 1956Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) 22 September 1911 Stricken, 4 September 1953Russian battleship Sevastopol (Севастополь) 10 July 1911 Scrapped beginning in 1949. Russian battleship Poltava (Полтава) 23 July 1911 Stricken, 17 February 1956