Porsche 911 GT1: Гоночная эволюция легенды

Grand Touring race car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche

The Porsche 911 GT1 is a car designed and developed by German automobile manufacturer Porsche AG to compete in the GT1 class of sportscar racing, which also required a street legal version for homologation purposes. The limited production street legal version developed as a result was named the 911 GT1 Straßenversion (Street version).

With the revival of international sportscar racing in the mid 1990s through the BPR Global GT Series (which then morphed into the FIA GT Championship) Porsche expressed interest in returning to top level sportscar racing and went about developing its competitor for the GT1 category. Cars in this category were previously heavily modified versions of road cars, such as the McLaren F1 and the Ferrari F40. Porsche originally modified the 993 GT2 into an EVO version and homologated it as a GT1 car, but it proved to be uncompetitive against the other cars its class.

Despite using the 911 moniker, the car barely had anything in common with the existing 911 at the time, only sharing the front and rear headlamps with the production sports car. However, its frontal chassis is based on the 993 generation 911, while the rear subframe was derived from the 962C Group C prototype along with its water cooled, twin turbocharged and intercooled, 4 valves per cylinder flat six engine fuel fed by Bosch Motronic 5.2 fuel injection, which was longitudinally mounted in a rear mid engine, rear wheel drive layout, compared to the rear engine, rear wheel drive layout of a conventional 911. The engine generated a power output of about In comparison, the 993 generation 911 GT2, which was otherwise the company's highest performance vehicle at the time, used an air cooled engine with only two valves per cylinder. The 911 GT1 made its debut in the BPR Global GT Series (the FIA championship's predecessor) at the Brands Hatch 4 hours, where Hans Joachim Stuck and Thierry Boutsen won comfortably, although they were racing as an invitational entry and were thus ineligible for points. They followed up by winning at Spa, and Ralf Kelleners and Emmanuel Collard triumphed for the factory team at Zhuhai. The 1996 911 GT1 clocked at a top speed of exactly on the legendary Mulsanne Straight in the practice sessions of the 1996 Le Mans 24 Hours Race.

Towards the end of the 1996 season, Porsche made revisions to the 911 GT1 in preparation for the 1997 season. The front end of the car was revised including new bodywork which featured headlamps that previewed the all new generation of the (996) Porsche 911 which would be unveiled in 1997. The revised car was known as the 911 GT1 Evo (or Evolution). The car had the same engine as the 1996 version, bit its new aerodynamic elements allowed the 1997 version to be considerably faster than the 1996 version with improved acceleration, the top speed was still around on the La Sarthe Circuit (in the race, the GT1 Evo attained a top speed of 326 km/h). At Le Mans the works cars led the race but did not last the full distance; a privately entered 1996 specification GT1 managed 5th overall and third in the GT1 class.

For the 1998 season, Porsche developed an all new car, the 911 GT1 98. Designed to match the also new Toyota GT One and the Mercedes Benz CLK LM, the 911 GT1 98 featured bodywork that bore more of a resemblance to traditional sports prototypes than the previous two models. A new sequential gearbox was installed to reduce shift time. Engine control also moved to a TAG Electronic Systems TAG 3.8 ECU. As per the regulations, a street legal version of the 911 GT1 98 was made but it is believed that only one variant was produced which was still sufficient to satisfy the new regulations. During the 1998 FIA International GT season, the 911 GT1 98 struggled to match the pace of the Mercedes, which also was improved, with the main reason being down to the air restrictor rules which were regarded as unfavourable to the turbocharged engine (the Mercedes had a naturally aspirated V8 engine). The Michelin tyres of the factory team and especially the Pirelli of the private Zakspeed team were also considered inferior to the Bridgestone tyres of the Mercedes. At the 1998 Le Mans, however, it was a different story. The BMW V12 LM retired with wheel bearing trouble, and the Mercedes CLK LM cars had oil pump troubles in the new V8 engines that replaced the former V12. The Toyota GT One, which was considered to be the fastest car, also suffered gearbox reliability problems. The 911 GT1 98, despite being slower than the Toyota or the Mercedes, fulfilled Porsche's slim hopes, taking both first and second place overall thanks to reliability, giving Porsche its record breaking 16th overall win at Le Mans, more than any other manufacturer in history. At the Petit Le Mans race in Road Atlanta, the 911 GT1 98 of Yannick Dalmas made a spectacular backward flip and landed rear first before hitting the side barriers, similar to what would later happen to a BMW V12 LMR at the same race in 2000, and the Mercedes Benz CLR at Le Mans in 1999. The GT1 '98 was set up with higher downforce in the race than the previous two years, which reduced its maximum speed to However, in the 1998 Le Mans 24 Hours test days, the car hit on the Mulsanne Straight on a lower downforce setup.

With Mercedes dominating FIA GT1 in 1998, all other entries including Porsche withdrew for the 1999 season. The GT1 class was cancelled, and the FIA GT Championship was contested with GT2 cars. Porsche could have entered at Le Mans, but chose not to try to defend the win of 1998 against the new entrants from other manufacturers. Champion Racing brought a 911 GT1 Evo to America to race in the American Le Mans Series, but was only allowed to do so as an LMP (Le Mans Prototype) class entry, where it proved uncompetitive against actual prototypes such as the BMW V12 LMR.

Following Champion's purchase of a 911 GT1 Evo for 1999, Gunnar Racing offered a custom race car to the team with intentions to race in 2000. The car, known as the Gunnar G 99, was a custom built 911 GT1 with an open cockpit. The chassis was made from scratch yet remained nearly identical to the 911 GT1 mechanically, even using the bulk of the body parts. A large rollbar was put over the open cockpit to help protect the driver. A 3.6 litre flat 6, from a Porsche 911 GT3, was used in place of the standard 911 GT1 unit. However, Champion would instead turn to buy a Lola B2K/10, so the Gunnar G 99 was temporarily abandoned. The car would resurface in the Rolex Sports Car Series in 2002, yet would not be allowed to race until it had a roof again. Therefore, Gunnar Racing rebuilt the car with a near identical GT1 roof, and briefly competed in 2003. The car would take a best finish of second in class twice before being retired due to lack of funding and due to the ban on SRP cars in favour of Daytona Prototypes.