Железная дорога вдоль озера Эри: История и развитие

Former railroad, mostly along Lake Erie

The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1833, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.

The Franklin Canal Company was chartered on May 21, 1844, and built a railroad from Erie, Pennsylvania, southwest to the Ohio border. The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad was incorporated February 18, 1848, to build northeast from Cleveland, to join the Canal Company's railroad at the state line, and the full line from Erie to Cleveland, opened November 20, 1852. The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula bought the Franklin Canal Company on June 20, 1854.

The Buffalo and State Line Railroad was incorporated October 13, 1849, and opened January 1, 1852, from Dunkirk,New York, west to Pennsylvania. The rest of the line from Dunkirk to Buffalo, opened on February 22. The Erie and North East Railroad was chartered April 12, 1842, to build the part from the state line west to Erie, and opened on January 19, 1852. On November 16, 1853, an agreement was made between the two railroads, which had been built at 6 feet broad gauge, to relay the rails at to match the Franklin Canal Company's railroad (see below) on the other side of Erie, and for the Buffalo and State Line to operate the Erie and Northeast. This would result in through passengers no longer having to change trains at Erie, and on December 7, 1853, the Erie Gauge War began between the railroads and the townspeople. On February 1, 1854, the relaying was finished and the first train passed through Erie. On May 15, 1867, the two companies between Buffalo and Erie merged to form the Buffalo and Erie Railroad.

The Junction Railroad was chartered March 2, 1846, to build from Cleveland, west to Toledo. The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad was chartered March 7, 1850, to build from Toledo, east to Grafton, Ohio, on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad. The latter company opened on January 24, 1853, finally forming a continuous Buffalo Chicago line. On September 1, the two companies merged to form the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad, with the Junction Railroad becoming the Northern Division and the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland, the Southern Division. The Northern Division opened from Cleveland, west to Sandusky, Ohio, on October 24, 1853, and the rest of the way to Toledo, on April 24, 1855. The Northern Division was abandoned west of Sandusky, due to lack of business, but the track was relaid in 1872, merging with the Southern Division, at Millbury, Ohio, east of Toledo. In 1866, the Southern Division, east of Oberlin, Ohio, was abandoned and a new line was built to Elyria, Ohio, on the Northern Division, ending the use of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad.

In October 1867, the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad leased the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad. The CP&A changed its name to the Lake Shore Railway on March 31, 1868, and on February 11, 1869, the Lake Shore absorbed the Cleveland and Toledo. On April 6, the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad and Lake Shore merged to form the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, which absorbed the Buffalo and Erie Railroad on June 22, giving one company the whole route from Buffalo to Chicago. The main route passed through Dunkirk; Erie; Ashtabula, Ohio; Cleveland; Toledo; Waterloo, Indiana; and South Bend. An alternate route, the Sandusky Division, in Ohio, ran north of the main line between Elyria, and Millbury, Ohio, not all track was laid until 1872. From Toledo to Elkhart, the Old Road ran to the north, through southern Michigan, and the through route was called the Air Line Division or Northern Indiana Air Line. Along with various branches that had been acquired (see below), the Monroe Branch ran east from Adrian, to Monroe, where it intersected the leased Detroit, Monroe and Toledo Railroad. At some point the original line to Toledo was abandoned west of the branch to Jackson, Michigan, the Palmyra and Jacksonburgh Railroad, with the new connection at Lenawee Junction, the crossing between that branch and the line to Monroe. The railroad established its first significant repair shop in 1851 along Mason Street in Elkhart, Indiana. These shops were occasionally expanded and upgraded in the 1800s and early 1900s until employment reached about 1,500. A second shop site was established in 1874 in Collinwood on the northeast side of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1901, the railroad bought a new property in Collinwood for $2 million to build a much larger repair center that by the 1920s employed more than 2,000 people. In 1913, a freight car repair shop was established in Ashtabula, Ohio, to maintain the large roster of ore and coal cars operating at the nearby port. In 1952, as the railroad was converting its motive power from steam to diesel, the repair shops were consolidated at Collinwood.

Around 1877, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and his New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, gained a majority of stock of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. The line provided an ideal extension of the New York Central main line from Buffalo, west to Chicago, along with the route across southern Ontario, the Canada Southern Railway and the Michigan Central Railroad.

On December 22, 1914, the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad merged with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway to form the New York Central Railroad. While the original main line was to the south of Sandusky Bay, between Toledo and Elyria, the northern alignment, the Sandusky Division, eventually became the main line.

In 1968, the New York Central merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, Penn Central, which two years later, filed for bankruptcy. In 1976, it became part of Conrail. In 1976, the Southern Division, from Elyria to Millbury, was abandoned, with parts of the former right of way now in use as a recreational trail, the North Coast Inland Trail. Under Conrail, the Lake Shore main line was part of the New York City–Chicago, Chicago Line. In 1998, Conrail was split between CSX and Norfolk Southern. The Chicago Line east of Cleveland, went to CSX, and was split into several subdivisions: the Lake Shore Subdivision, from Buffalo, to Erie, the Erie West Subdivision, from Erie, to east of Cleveland, and the Cleveland Terminal Subdivision, into downtown Cleveland. From the former Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad junction in Cleveland, west to Chicago, the line is now Norfolk Southern's Chicago Line. Amtrak's New York City–Chicago Lake Shore Limited runs along the full route from Buffalo west. The Capitol Limited joins in Cleveland, at the "Amtrak Connection" from the former Pennsylvania Railroad, C&P line, just east of the present Cleveland Station (MP 181), on its way from Washington, D. C., to Chicago. Passenger trains along the route originally terminated at LaSalle Street Station, but now run to Union Station, switching to the parallel former Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, Pennsylvania Railroad, at a crossover in Whiting, Indiana, Indiana, to get there.

A major branch of the LS&MS extended from Northeastern Ohio, to the coal and oil fields of northwestern Pennsylvania, terminating near Brookville. Originally the line extended to the oil fields and refineries on the Allegheny River, at Franklin, and Oil City, Pennsylvania. The line was later extended from Polk Junction, west of Franklin, to Rose, Pennsylvania, just west of Brookville. Also added was a connector south from Franklin, to the Allegheny River crossing on the new extension. This line included perhaps the most impressive engineering structures on the LS&MS, as well as the later NYC, with several large trestles, bridges, and tunnels, near Brookville, including a bridge tunnel bridge tunnel fill combination near Piney, Pennsylvania, and two magnificent trestles west of Brookville, near Corsica, Pennsylvania. The New York Central used trackage rights over the Pennsylvania Railroad and the B&O Railroad to connect from Rose to NYC lines at Clearfield, Pennsylvania. There were several mines on this line near Brookville, as well as a connection to the Lake Erie, Franklin and Clarion (LEF&C) at Sutton, Pennsylvania, and connections to the Pennsylvania Railroad, and via the Pennsy, to the Pittsburgh & Shawmut, at Brookville. Once coal traffic dried up in the late 1990s, this line was severed and cut back to the mine at Piney. Many of the larger trestles were taken out in the late 2000s, reportedly on orders of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PUC), although the bridge across the Clarion River survived, as of 2015.

StateMilepostCityStationLat/longOpening dateConnections and notesNew York1.9BuffaloExchange Street StationAmtrak Empire Service and Maple Leaf Lake Shore Railway Museum LackawannaLackawannaBlasdellBlasdellBay ViewAthol SpringsAthol SpringsLake ViewLake ViewDerbyDerby21.4AngolaAngolaFarnhamFarnham27.0IrvingIrving31.4Silver CreekSilver CreekWaites Crossing40.3DunkirkDunkirkConnection to Titusville Branch; Former Union Station shared by Erie RailroadErie Railroad and New York Central trains stopped at the same station. Van BurenBroctonBroctonPortlandPortlandWest PortlandWest Portland57.5WestfieldWestfieldOn NRHP as "Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Station" Forsyth Forsyth65.3RipleyRipleyState Line State LinePennsylvania73.0North EastNorth EastLake Shore Railway Museum MoorheadHarbor Creek Twp. Harbor CreekWesleyvilleWesleyville86.9ErieErieAmtrak Lake Shore LimitedDock JunctionSwanvilleSwanville97.8Fairview Twp. FairviewNorth GirardGirard JunctionSpringfield Twp. SpringfieldOhio114.5ConneautConneautConneaut Historic Railroad Museum AmboyKingsvilleKingsville127.7AshtabulaAshtabulaCurrently a CSX signal storage house Saybrook137.1GenevaGenevaUnionvilleUnionville142.5Madison147.5Perry153.2Painesville159.4MentorMentorOn NRHP as the "Lake Shore and Michigan Southern RR Depot and Freight House"163.7WilloughbyWilloughby168.3WickliffeWickliffeNobleClevelandCollinwoodEast 105th Street180.5East 26th StreetUnion DepotDetroit AvenueWest ParkBelt JunctionBereaBereaUnion Depot, with Big Four RailwayOlmsted FallsOlmsted FallsShawvilleElyriaElyriaAmtrak Lake Shore Limited and Capitol LimitedAmherstAmherstBrownhelm Twp. BrownhelmVermilionVermilionCeylonCeylonHuronHuronSanduskySanduskyAmtrak Lake Shore Limited and Capitol Limited; NRHP named Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad DepotVeniceBay BridgeDanburyDanburyGypsumGypsumPort ClintonPort ClintonLa CarneLa CarneOak HarborOak HarborRocky RidgeRocky RidgeGraytownGraytownMartinMillburyMillbury JunctionNorthwoodVickersToledoToledoAmtrak Lake Shore Limited and Capitol LimitedAir Line JunctionNasbyHollandHollandSwantonSwantonDeltaDeltaWauseonWauseonPettisvillePettisvilleArchboldArchboldStrykerStrykerBryanBryanAmtrak Lake Shore LimitedMelbernMelbernMinaEdgertonEdgertonIndianaButlerButlerWaterlooWaterlooAmtrak Lake Shore Limited and Capitol LimitedCorunnaCorunnaKendallvilleKendallvilleBrimfieldBrimfieldWawakaWawakaLigonierLigonierGrismoreMillersburgMillersburgGoshenGoshenElkhartElkhartAmtrak Lake Shore Limited and Capitol Limited; National NYCRR MuseumOsceolaOsceolaMishawakaMishawakaSouth BendSouth BendLydickTerre CoupeeNew CarlisleNew CarlisleRolling PrairieRolling PrairieLa PorteLa PortePinolaDurhamOtisOtisBurdickChestertonChestertonOn NRHP as the "New York Central Railroad Passenger Depot"PorterPorterBurns Harbor ?Dune ParkPortageOgden DunesSouth Shore LineGaryMillerGaryCurtisPineBuffingtonEast ChicagoIndiana Harbor?MahoningWhitingWhitingHammondRobertsdaleIllinoisChicagoEast SideSouth ChicagoGrand Crossing71st StreetPark ManorEnglewood31st StreetLaSalle Street StationMetra Rock Island District