Сахих аль-Бухари: Первый сборник хадисов суннитского ислама

First hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam

Sahih al Bukhari ( صَحِيحُ الْبُخَارِي) is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by Persian scholar al Bukhari around 846. The author was born in Bukhara in today's Uzbekistan. Alongside Sahih Muslim, it is one of the most valued books in Sunni Islam after the Quran. Both books are part of the six major Sunni collections of hadith of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It consists of an estimated 7,563 hadith narrations across its 97 chapters. Sahih (صحيح) means "authentic". The original name of the work is Al Jami Al Musnad Al Sahih Al Mukhtasar Min Umur Rasul Allah Sallá Allah Alayhi Wa Sallam Wa Sunanihi Wa Ayyamihi (الجامع المسند الصحيح المختصر من أُمور رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلّم وسننه وأيامه), which means "The shortened authentic (sahih) collection with isnads from the affairs of the Messenger, peace be upon Him, and His traditions and His days".

Sources differ on the exact number of hadiths in Sahih al Bukhari, with definitions of hadith varying from a prophetic tradition or sunnah, or a narration of that tradition. Experts have estimated the number of full isnad narrations in the Sahih at 7,563, with the number reducing to around 2,600 without considerations to repetitions or different versions of the same hadith. Bukhari chose these narrations from a collection of 600,000 narrations he had collected over 16 years. The narrations are distributed across 97 chapters covering fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), among other subjects. Each chapter contains references to relevant verses from the Quran. It provides proper Islamic guidance in almost all aspects of Muslim life such as the method of performing prayers and other actions of worship directly from Muhammad.

Criticism has also been directed at apparent contradictions within Bukhari regarding the ahruf of the Quran. Some narrations state the Quran was revealed only in the dialect of Muhammad's tribe, the Quraysh, while others state it was revealed in seven ahruf. Certain prophetic medicine and remedies espoused in Bukhari, such as cupping, have been noted for being unscientific. Sunni scholar Ibn Hajar al Asqalani, on the basis of contrary archaeological evidence, criticised the hadith which claimed that Adam's height was 60 cubits and human height has been decreasing ever since. Other hadiths contradict historical facts: e. g. hadith number 1221 implies Abu Sufyan ibn Harb died in Shām when he actually died in Medina; hadith number 5,560 says Muhammad died at 60 years old, instead of the actual 63 years old; there are also serious contradictions between hadiths regarding the timing of Qadr Night. In the 2003 book The Idea of Women in Fundamentalist Islam, Lamia Shehadeh used gender theory to critique an ahaad hadith about women's leadership. Another hadith reported by Abu Hurairah was criticized by Fatema Mernissi for being reported out of context and without any further clarification in the Sahih. The clarification is given in a hadith reported by Aisha in al Zarkashi's (1344–1392) hadith collection. According to Charles Kurzman, this case raises the question of whether other narrations in Bukhari have been reported incompletely or lack proper context. In 2017, Rachid Aylal, a Quranist, published a book criticizing the Sahih, titled Sahih Al Bukhari: The End of a Legend. It was banned in Morocco for disturbing spiritual security, due to pressure from Islamists. On August 29, 2022, Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation has included Sahih al Bukhari into the federal list of extremist materials (except containing surahs, ayahs and quotes from the Quran) after the Supreme Court of Tatarstan supported the Laishevo District Court's decision to recognize the Sahih as extremist with its appellate ruling of July 5, 2022.