Пимпри Чинчвард: История и развитие города в штате Махараштра

City in Maharashtra, India

Pimpri Chinchwad also known as "PCMC", is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city is about northwest of the historic city of Pune, at an altitude of above sea level. It is the fifth largest city in Maharashtra and the nineteenth largest city in India and the sixteenth largest satellite city in the world by population. The city is located southeast from the state's capital Mumbai. It is one of the most rapidly developing suburban areas in India and has emerged as the third fastest growing city in the country. It is well known for its automotive, IT and manufacturing industry.

The first reference to Pune region is found in two copper plates dated to 758 and 768 AD, issued by Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. The plates are called "Puny Vishaya" and "Punaka Vishaya" respectively. The plates mention areas around Pune such as Theur, Uruli, Khed, Dapodi, and also Bhosari, now part of the city. Chinchwad is noted for the shrine of Morya Gosavi, a prominent saint of the Ganapatya denomination of Hinduism that worships Lord Ganesha as the Supreme Being or its metaphysical concept of Brahman. Various sources place Moraya Gosavi between the 13th and 17th centuries CE. The inscription on the temple records that its construction began in 1658 CE.

Chinchwad is the birthplace of the Chapekar brothers: Damodar Hari (1870–1898), Balkrishna Hari (1873–1899) and Vasudeo Hari, who assassinated W. C. Rand, a British civil service officer and the chairman of the Special Plague Committee of Poona (Pune), on 22 June 1897.

Following the partition of India, the Government of India constructed 1,609 residences and laid out around 300 plots on 203 acres of land in the Pimpri area. This area came to be known as Pimpri Camp is one of the 31 refugee camps in Bombay State (present day Maharashtra) set up during the period.

After Indian independence from the British in 1947. In 1955, Hindustan Antibiotics was set up in Pimpri with the cooperation of WHO and UNICEF with the social objective of providing affordable drugs throughout India. It was inaugurated by India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 10 March 1954. Production began in 1955. The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked the beginning of industrial development in the Chinchwad, Bhosari, and Pimpri areas. MIDC provided the necessary infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations.

The area within the city limits is widely considered as 'flat' given the altitude varying between 530 and 570 m above sea level. The city is situated approximately at 18° 37' north latitude and 73° 48' east longitude bordering limits of Pune Municipal Corporation on the north and northwest. The historic centre is 15 km from each end. In 1970s, due to increased industrialisation on Mumbai–Pune Highway, many villages around the highway were merged to form Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. The earliest villages which were absorbed were Pimpri, Chinchwad, Dapodi, Bhosari etc.

The city experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are February to May with maximum temperatures above 35 °C and reaching up to 42 °C on hotter days. The city receives most of its 722 mm of rainfall in the monsoon months of June to September. The temperature in the winter months of October to January ranges from 12 °C (min) to 30 °C (max), with night temperatures often falling below 10 °C. Typical summer months are from mid March to mid June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pimpri Chinchwad is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was on 30April 1897. The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from Most of the of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of. For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around while night temperatures are below , often dropping to The lowest temperature recorded was on 17January 1935.

Hinduism is the dominant religion in the city. Other religions with a significant presence include Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. The Khandoba Mandir in Akurdi is one the family deity for most Marathi Hindus. The Peshwa era rulers provided endowments to more Maruti temples than to temples of other deities such as Shiva, Ganesh or Vitthal. Even in the present time, there are more Maruti temples than those of other deities. Alandi The town attracts millions of devotees annually to the resting place or (Samadhi) of the 13th century Marathi Bhakti saint, Sant Dnyaneshwar. Dehu The town on the banks of the indrayani river is associated with Tukaram, the 17th century poet saint of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. The town is visited by hundreds of thousands of people for the annual Pandharpur Wari when the paduka (symbolic sandals) of the saint are carried to Pandharpur in a palkhi.

Pune is one of the major industrial hubs in Asia in which the majority contributes from the neighbourhood of Pimpri Chinchwad. The formation of MIDC in 1962 resulted in a constant process of industrial land acquisition and the creation of required support infrastructure. Since then, there has been a massive influx of several European companies who continue to be keen on setting up manufacturing facilities in PCMC, Pune. It has a rapid growth in terms of the industries and most of the major automobile companies and their headquarters are located here. There is also a rapid growth in the software and IT departments. Industrialization started in 1954 with the arrival of antibiotics research institute Hindustan Antibiotics Limited (HAL). PCMC, Pune is now home to the Indian operations of major automobile companies like Bajaj Auto, BEL Optronic Devices Limited, Daimler Chrysler, Force Motors, General Motors, Jaguar Land Rover, Kawasaki, Kinetic Engineering, Mahindra & Mahindra, Mercedes Benz India, Premier Ltd., TATA Motors, Thermax and Volkswagen. The IT Park encompasses an area of about and is home to over 800 IT companies of all sizes.

On 4 March 1970, the villages of Pimpri, Chinchwad, Bhosari and Akurdi merged into a single municipal authority, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Council, Pune. Two years later, the Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority, Pune was established. Its chief objective was to create a planned environment for the working population in the vicinity of their work place. While the position of the mayor is mostly ceremonial, the chief executive of the city is the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The JNNURM award for Best Performing neighbourhood, under Sub Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, was given to PCMC, Pune. The "System of Assisting Residents and Tourist Through Helpline Information" (SARATHI), the grievance portal of the city, has gained national recognition and is a role model for other cities.

Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA), which was on the cards since 1997, was formed on 31 March 2015 and is responsible for the integrated development of the PMR. Currently its jurisdiction extends over and includes the municipal corporations of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune and Pune Municipal Corporation, three cantonment boards, seven municipal councils, 13 census towns and 842 villages.

The PCMC Police in Pune is the law enforcement agency for the neighbourhood of PCMC, Pune. It was carved out of Pune City Police Department and took charge on 15 August 2018. It is a division of the Maharashtra Police and is headed by the Police Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Police Service.

The Pavana dam located 35 km from PCMC, Pune is the sole source of water for the city. The water lifted at the Ravet bund is pumped to the Nigdi filtration plant from where it distributed to the entire city. As of 2018, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Administration provided around 450 million liters per day (MLD) of water to the city. This led to the generation of around 290 MLD of sewage, of which the civic body had capacity to treat only 240 MLD at its 13 sewage treatment plants, a problem that has persisted for years. The untreated water is let into the rivers which lead to several health and environmental problems. Similar problems in the areas of PMC as well as in the suburban areas, the rivers in the PMR are among the most polluted rivers in the state. The state owned Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited supplies electricity to the city. The power comes from thermal, hydro, gas and renewable sources such as solar, wind and sugarcane bagasse. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), owned by the central government, as well as private enterprises such as Vodafone, Bharti Airtel, Reliance, Idea Cellular, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Tata Teleservices, Virgin Mobile, and MTS India, are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.

The air gateway is the Pune International Airport located at Lohegaon which is about east of the neighborhood. It is operated by the Airports Authority of India. In addition to domestic flights to all major Indian cities, the airport serves international direct flights to Dubai (operated by Air India Express) and to Frankfurt (operated by Lufthansa). As of 2021, it is the 2nd busiest airport in the state and 13th busiest airport in India. The airport is awarded as best airport by hygiene measures in Asia Pacific in 2020 by Airports Council International. Due to the limited expansion options available, the airport will not be able to cope with the growing demand for air traffic into Pune. Hence, a greenfield airport for the Pune metropolitan region has been proposed. The Government of Maharashtra has entrusted the responsibility to Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) for executing the Pune International Airport project. Probable sites for this project had earlier included areas around Talegaon Dabhade and Saswad near Pune. An area between Chakan and Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli was under consideration. However, due to land acquisition issues, a new site has been proposed. The greenfield airport will be located near the villages of Ambodi, Sonori, Kumbharvalan, Ekhatpur Munjawadi, Khanwadi, Pargaon Memane, Rajewadi, Aamble, Tekwadi, Vanpuri, Udachiwadi, Singapur near Saswad and Jejuri in Purandar taluka of Pune District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The proposed airport in Purandar will be spread over 2,400 hectares. This airport will also boost trade from Pune and neighbouring districts as it will have its own dedicated cargo terminal.

Public transport modes in PCMC limits include Suburban Railway, bus and Rainbow BRTS services operated by PMPML and auto rickshaws. Pune Metro, an urban mass rapid transit system is under construction in the twin cities. Uber and Ola Cabs also provide vehicle for hire services in the city.

It is well connected to neighbouring cities via several highways. It has a 633 km long extensive network of roads connecting its various neighbourhoods. The NH 48 runs throughout the city and serves as the main connecting link for the PCMC and PMC. After the Mumbai–Pune Expressway was opened in 2002, this road came to be known as Old Mumbai–Pune Road. It starts in the suburb of Shivajinagar (earlier Bhamburde) and passes through the suburbs of Khadki cantonment, Bopodi, Dapodi, Kasarwadi, Pimpri, Chinchwad, Nigdi, Dehu Road cantonment, Kivale, Mamurdi, Gahunje, Talegaon Dabhade, and Vadgaon Maval all the way up to Mumbai. The NH 60 originates at Nashik Phata at Kasarwadi is another important road passes through the suburbs of Kasarwadi, Bhosari, Chikhli, Moshi, Chimbali, and Chakan all the way up to Nashik. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in Khodad is off this road. The Pimpri Chinchwad link road connects the suburbs of Pimpri and Chinchwad, as one of the alternative roads to Mumbai–Pune Road. The Mumbai Pune Expressway that originates at Kiwale just outside the city, is India's first 6 lane wide concrete, access controlled tolled expressway. It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra state and the financial capital of India, with Pune, the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra. The expressway, which was fully operationalized in 2002, introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads. It is one of India's busiest roads. A ring road is being planned for the convenience of heavy traffic.

Until 2007, PCMC, Pune served by its own public transport bus service provider, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Transport, Pune. On 19 October 2007, it was merged with the Pune Municipal Transport, Pune that served it's historic neighbourhood of Pune to form the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML; lit. Pune Metropolitan Transport Corporation Ltd.). PMPML runs buses on 371 routes that cover a radius of 20 km around the city of Pune, India. It also runs services on BRT corridors under the brand name Rainbow BRTS. As of May 2018, there are two operating BRT corridors in PCMC limits with a combined length of 22.5 km, while work is underway on three other corridors with a total length 28 km. Although the BRTS project has been deemed a failure in the historic PMC, PCMC claims that the two BRT corridors, Sangvi Kiwale and Nashik Phata Wakad, have seen a rise in ridership after they became operation in 2015. The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation operates buses from its main station at Vallabh Nagar, Pimpri to all major cities and towns in Maharashtra as well as in the neighbouring states. Private companies also run bus services throughout India.

Pimpri Chinchwad is served by five railway stations, Chinchwad, Akurdi, Pimpri, Kasarwadi and Dapodi, on the Pune Suburban Railway as well as the Mumbai Dadar–Solapur sections of the Indian Railways (Central zone). Local trains (EMUs) connect PCMC, Pune to its historic neighbourhood of Pune and the hill station of Lonavala, while daily express trains connect it to Mumbai. Daily express trains through Pune Junction connect the city to other parts of the country. Pune Suburban Railway, connecting PCMC, Pune to its historic core and its suburbs in Pune District, Maharashtra. It is operated by Central Railway (CR). The system operates on two routes, – and its part –. 18 trains operate on – route and 5 trains operate on – route.

Pune Metro, a mass rapid transit system, was inaugurated in March 2022. The system comprises 3 lines with a total length of 54.58 km. As of 2022, Pimpri Chinchwad has been served by 6 metro stations of Purple Line which is , , , , , The 16.59 km Line 1 PCMC Bhavan – Swargate will be elevated between PCMC Bhavan to Range Hills, from where it will run underground. Line 2 will run from Vanaz to Ramwadi covering a distance of 14.66 km on an elevated viaduct. Lines 1 and 2 are expected to be operational in 2021. The 23.33 km elevated Line 3 will run from the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi via Balewadi to Civil Court. All three lines will align at the Civil Court interchange station. The detailed project report (DPR) was prepared for the initial two lines by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation which was approved by the State government in 2012 and by the Central government in December 2016. Out of the two lines, Line 1 will run through PCMC limits from PCMC Bhavan to Dapodi and further to Swargate in Pune, India. A detailed project report is being prepared for the extension of the line up to Nigdi. The project is being implemented by MahaMetro, a 50:50 joint venture of the State and Central governments. Line 3 from Hinjawadi to Civil Court, Shivajinagar was approved by the State and Central governments in January and March 2018, respectively. The 23.3 km line is being implemented by PMRDA on a public private partnership basis and will have a station at Wakad in PCMC limits. Another metro route connecting Hinjawadi to Moshi via Nashik Phata, Bhosari is also being contemplated.

Rapid urbanization has led to the population of the city to double from 2001 to 2017. In the same period, the number of vehicles has increased of 700%. Like its neighbouring Pune, motorized two wheelers dominate the streets. At the rate of 663 vehicles per 1000 residents, a total of 1.57 million vehicles are registered in the city in 2018, of which 1.17 million are two wheelers. Unsurprisingly, the whopping number of vehicles has led to several problems including air pollution, noise pollution and traffic congestion.

Like most Indian cities, a number of festival are celebrated across all communities in the city including Ganeshotsav, Navaratri, Dussehra, Janmashtami, Dahi Handi and Onam Holi, Diwali, Eid al fitr, Eid al Adha, Christmas, Buddha Purnima, Cheti Chand, Chalio, and several others. The birth anniversary celebrations of historical figures like Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, the principal architect of Indian Constitution, among others are also celebrated with great pomp and show. The national holidays of Republic Day and Independence Day are also celebrated. The PCMC festival is an annual cultural event held in the city. It was started by the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune in 1996 under the name 'Ganesh Festival' as it used to be organized on the occasion of Ganeshotsav. Since 2004, the PCMC stopped organizing the festival and it was kept alive by the PCMC Social Club. Since 2014, the festival is not organized during Ganeshotsav but at another time of the year. Pavanāthaḍi Jatrā (Marathi: पवनाथडी जत्रा) is an annual event organized by the Women and Child Welfare Committee of the PCMC. It is a three to five day long exhibition cum sale of goods produced by women's self help groups in the city and features over 300 stalls. The city also participates in the Pune International Film Festival with screening of several films at a cinema in the city limits.

Durga Tekdi and Bhakti Shakti are one of main public parks in Pune. The Bhakti Shakti garden hosted the second largest national flag of India at 351 ft. The Boat Club Garden, Thergaon on the bank of Pawana River hosts kids play area, toy train ride, 15 meter high watch tower, boating and rafting. The city also has a zoo named after Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhari in Chinchwad East. A lake garden is also located close to the zoo called the Bird Valley because of the water birds like cranes which come migrating here. Appu Ghar also known as Indira Gandhi Udyan is an amusement park located in the Pradhikaran area. Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park, Pune is one of the latest tourist attraction and activity based Science Centre of Pune region. The Science Centre houses Galleries on different themes of Science & Technology, Activity area, Inflatable Taramandal and an Auditorium. It also has an open air Science Park spread over 3.5acres. Most of the exhibits in the science centre and science park are interactive in nature and visitors can explore science in an entertaining way.

There are ten public swimming pools run by Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. Chapekar wada in Chinchwad Goan, the residence of the revolutionary Chapekar brothers has been restored and is now a memorial cum museum dedicated to their life and displays swords and weapons used by freedom fighters during the struggle for Indian independence. Ramkrushna More Prekshagruha in Chinchwad, Acharya Atre Rangmandir in Sant Tukaramnagar, Ankushrao Landage Natyagruha in Bhosari, Nilu Phule Rangmandir in Sangvi are the auditoria in the city. There is a fort in Punawale that was built by and named after the Peshwa Minister Sardar Borge. The Vaishnodevi Temple in Pimpri attracts devotees from all over the city.

Pimpri market is one of the shopping street in Pune for clothing, electronics and jewellery. There are several cinema halls as well as shopping malls in the city.

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in this city. Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium, Gahunje (also known as MCA Stadium), inaugurated in 2012, hosts both one day internationals and test matches with a seating capacity of 37,000 spectators. It serves as the home stadium for the Maharashtra cricket team including headquarters for the Maharashtra Cricket Association.

PCMC Hockey Stadium also known as The Major Dhyanachand Stadium is a field hockey stadium in the city of Pune, India. It has a seating capacity of 5,000 people. It serves as the home ground of the hockey franchisee based in Pune Strykers, for World Series Hockey. It was built in 1993, was the first polygrass stadium of the district. Women's hockey matches of National Games which was held here in 1993.

Annasaheb Magar PCMC Stadium is a multi purposed stadium owned and managed by the PCMC Administration. The ground was named after Indian National Congress leader Annasaheb Magar who was Member of Parliament from 1977 to 1980 from Khed

CME rowing channel, Dapodi is Asia's second largest rowing channel after China.

PCMC Administration runs 136 public schools, locally called 'Municipality Schools'. According to the 2011 Census, the city has 75 colleges (undergraduate and above), three medical colleges and 3 engineering colleges. The city is also home to the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) of the Indian Council of Medical Research established in October 1992 in Bhosari MIDC. Central Institute of Road Transport is also located in Bhosari MIDC.