Паровозы GWR класса County: история и возрождение

The Great Western Railway 1000 Class or County Class was a class of 4 6 0 steam locomotive. Thirty examples were built between 1945 and 1947, but all were withdrawn and scrapped in the early 1960s. A replica locomotive is under construction.

These locomotives were the final and most powerful development of the two cylinder Saint Class introduced in 1901 and included several features that had already been used on the successful Modified Hall class. The Chief Mechanical Engineer of the GWR Frederick W. Hawksworth had hoped to design a new 4 6 2 (Pacific) express locomotive for post war traffic, when he took up office in 1941 but had been prevented by the war from doing so. This scheme was not entirely dead in 1945 when he was given the authority to build another batch of mixed traffic 4 6 0s. Rather than build more examples of existing designs, Hawksworth introduced the County Class as a testbed for a number of the ideas he hoped to incorporate into the Pacific at a later date. Hawksworth was not subsequently allowed to build his Pacific, as there was no need for further express passenger locomotives.

In addition to the innovations already adopted for the Modified Hall class, the new class contained several further changes from usual Great Western practice including the use of double chimneys on certain members and a high boiler pressure of 280psi (although this was later lowered in an attempt to reduce maintenance costs). The boiler was a development that used the tooling for the LMS Stanier Class 8F boiler, Hawksworth being able to study this design closely when 8Fs were being built at Swindon as part of the war effort. The class initially had a tractive effort of , which was greater than a Castle Class locomotive, although the tractive effort was reduced to when the boiler pressure was lowered. The class had continuous splashers over the driving wheels and, when named, straight nameplates, making them immediately recognisable from other 4 6 0 classes. They were also fitted with Hawksworth's slab sided tenders, but the County tenders had a water tank six inches wider than the tenders built for the Modified Halls and retro fitted to many earlier designs. Some of the early design studies for what became the County included outside Walschaerts valve gear which would have been a major break from traditional GWR designs. In the event the standard inside Stephenson link motion of the Churchward and Collett two cylinder classes was used. The GWR 1500 Class, also designed by Hawksworth, used outside WalschaertsLack of clearance around the large and low set cylinders of the 15xx required a modified layout for the anchor link from the crosshead as did the steam railcar units designed under Churchward and the narrow gauge Vale of Rheidol 2 6 2T.

The first batch of twenty were built at Swindon Works and delivered between August 1945 and March 1946 (Lot No. 354). They were originally unnamed and were planned to be numbered in the 9900 series, but this was changed to 1000 1019 before introduction. A second batch of ten further locomotives (1020 1029) were built between April 1946 and April 1947 (Swindon Lot 358). The second batch were given names English and Welsh Counties previously used on the GWR 3800 Class of 4 4 0 tender locomotives that were part of George Jackson Churchward's locomotive standardisation programme in the early days of the 20th century.

The Counties had a mixed reception: some traditionalists regarded them as ‘non standard, expensive and unnecessary,’ others considered them a successful, free steaming design, well suited to express or freight work and a fitting finale to GW two cylinder 4 6 0 development. According to O. S. Nock ‘their best and really brilliant work was done north of Wolverhampton where they ran very heavy trains with conspicuous success.’

After the nationalisation of Britain's railways in 1948 all 30 Counties continued to do useful work throughout the Western Region of British Railways, working with Castles on expresses to and from Paddington as well as more menial freight and parcels tasks. BR gave the Counties the power classification 6MT. Speedometers were fitted to the class from 1950 and modified double chimneys from 1956.

No locomotives of this class survived into preservation. However a replica is being built at the Didcot Railway Centre, home of the Great Western Society. When completed it will take the name and number of No. 1014 County of Glamorgan in recognition of the late Dai Woodham's Barry Scrapyard in Glamorganshire from which many withdrawn steam locomotives were saved for preservation. Also Glamorganshire County Council donated the frames and boiler for the project. The replica is based around the frames from Modified Hall Class 7927 Willington Hall and the boiler from LMS Stanier 8F 48518. The boiler from the Hall will be used in the replica Grange project at the Llangollen Railway. It will also have a number of smaller original parts off scrapped County locomotives including the chimney from 1006 County of Cornwall.

Hornby Railways manufacture a model of the 10xx in OO gauge. This model was originally made by Dapol.

Number Name     Built        Withdrawn    Scrapped Notes 1000County of Middlesex format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1001County of Buckingham format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1002County of Berks format=dmy format=dmy Ward, Sheffield 1003County of Wilts format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1004County of Somerset format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1005County of Devon format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1006County of Cornwall format=dmy format=dmy Cooper, Sharpness Chimney donated to replica 1014 County of Glamorgan project1007County of Brecknock format=dmy format=dmy King, Norwich 1008County of Cardigan format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1009County of Carmarthen format=dmy format=dmy Swindon Works 1010County of Caernarvon format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport Name originally spelledCounty of Carnarvon1011County of Chester format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport Last to be withdrawn. Regulator donated to replica 1014 County of Glamorgan project1012County of Denbigh format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1013County of Dorset format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1014County of Glamorgan format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport Replica under construction1015County of Gloucester format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport 1016County of Hants format=dmy format=dmy Ward, Sheffield 1017County of Hereford format=dmy format=dmy Ward, Sheffield 1018County of Leicester format=dmy format=dmy King, Norwich 1019County of Merioneth format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Great Bridge 1020County of Monmouth format=dmy format=dmy Hayes, Bridgend 1021County of Montgomery format=dmy format=dmy Hayes, Bridgend 1022County of Northampton format=dmy format=dmy Ward, Sheffield 1023County of Oxford format=dmy format=dmy Swindon Works 1024County of Pembroke format=dmy format=dmy Swindon Works Reverser donated to replica 1014 County of Glamorgan project1025County of Radnor format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Great Bridge 1026County of Salop format=dmy format=dmy Ward, Sheffield 1027County of Stafford format=dmy format=dmy Cooper, Sharpness 1028County of Warwick format=dmy format=dmy Birds, Risca 1029County of Worcester format=dmy format=dmy Cashmore, Newport