Введение
Король Сассекса
Æthelwealh (fl. c. 660 – c. 685) was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex. Background
The legendary foundation of the kingdom of Sussex, was in 477, when according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle of Sussex and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymenshore and fought against the local Britons. The foundation story is regarded with some skepticism by most academics. The archaeological evidence, based on the cemeteries of the 5th century, shows that the main area of settlement was between the lower Ouse and Cuckmere rivers in East Sussex. However, by Æthelwealh's time the kingdom of the South Saxons seems to have been concentrated in the Selsey area, in the south west of Sussex. Ælle, the first king of the South Saxons was followed by Cissa of Sussex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. There is a 150 year gap between Ælle, whose ancestry can not be established, and Æthelwealh, whose ancestry is more secure. Alliance with the Mercians
Mercian power was ascending with Wulfhere of Mercia advancing into Jutish southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in about 661. Then according to Bede, Æthelwealh travelled to Mercia to be baptised, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex, with Wulfhere as his godfather. Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' recorded that Æthelwealh, also married Eafe, who was the daughter of Eanfrith, a ruler of the Christian Hwicce people. Bede goes on to say that Wulfhere presented the Isle of Wight and Meonwara to Æthelwealh. This alliance between the South Saxons and the Mercians and their control of southern England and the Isle of Wight was a challenge to the West Saxons, whose power base at the time was in the upper Thames area. Wilfrid, the exiled bishop of York, came to Sussex in 681 and converted the people of Sussex and the Isle of Wight to Christianity. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded the Episcopal See of the South Saxons with its seat at Selsey Abbey.
Этельвеал (жил ок. 660 – ок. 685) был правителем древнего Южносаксонского королевства с периода, предшествовавшего 674 году, до своей смерти между 680 и 685 годами. Он был крещён в Мерсии, став первым христианским королём Сассекса. Он был убит западносаксонским принцем Кэдваллой, который впоследствии стал королём Уэссекса.
Æthelwealh (fl. c. 660 – c. 685) was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex. Background
The legendary foundation of the kingdom of Sussex, was in 477, when according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle of Sussex and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymenshore and fought against the local Britons. The foundation story is regarded with some skepticism by most academics. The archaeological evidence, based on the cemeteries of the 5th century, shows that the main area of settlement was between the lower Ouse and Cuckmere rivers in East Sussex. However, by Æthelwealh's time the kingdom of the South Saxons seems to have been concentrated in the Selsey area, in the south west of Sussex. Ælle, the first king of the South Saxons was followed by Cissa of Sussex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. There is a 150 year gap between Ælle, whose ancestry can not be established, and Æthelwealh, whose ancestry is more secure. Alliance with the Mercians
Mercian power was ascending with Wulfhere of Mercia advancing into Jutish southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in about 661. Then according to Bede, Æthelwealh travelled to Mercia to be baptised, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex, with Wulfhere as his godfather. Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' recorded that Æthelwealh, also married Eafe, who was the daughter of Eanfrith, a ruler of the Christian Hwicce people. Bede goes on to say that Wulfhere presented the Isle of Wight and Meonwara to Æthelwealh. This alliance between the South Saxons and the Mercians and their control of southern England and the Isle of Wight was a challenge to the West Saxons, whose power base at the time was in the upper Thames area. Wilfrid, the exiled bishop of York, came to Sussex in 681 and converted the people of Sussex and the Isle of Wight to Christianity. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded the Episcopal See of the South Saxons with its seat at Selsey Abbey.
История основания королевства Сассекс восходит к 477 году, когда, согласно англосаксонской хронике, Элла Сассекский и трое его сыновей высадились в месте под названием Кимменсхор и сразились с местными бриттами. К истории основания большинство исследователей относятся со скептицизмом. Археологические данные, основанные на захоронениях V века, показывают, что основная область поселения находилась между нижними реками Уз и Какмером в Восточном Сассексе. Однако к времени Этельвеала королевство Южных Саксов, по-видимому, было сосредоточено в районе Селси, на юго-западе Сассекса. За Эллой, первым королём Южных Саксов, последовал Цисса Сассекский, согласно англосаксонской хронике. Между Эллой, чьё происхождение установить не удалось, и Этельвеалом, чьё происхождение более достоверно, существует разрыв в 150 лет.
Æthelwealh (fl. c. 660 – c. 685) was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex. Background
The legendary foundation of the kingdom of Sussex, was in 477, when according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle of Sussex and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymenshore and fought against the local Britons. The foundation story is regarded with some skepticism by most academics. The archaeological evidence, based on the cemeteries of the 5th century, shows that the main area of settlement was between the lower Ouse and Cuckmere rivers in East Sussex. However, by Æthelwealh's time the kingdom of the South Saxons seems to have been concentrated in the Selsey area, in the south west of Sussex. Ælle, the first king of the South Saxons was followed by Cissa of Sussex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. There is a 150 year gap between Ælle, whose ancestry can not be established, and Æthelwealh, whose ancestry is more secure. Alliance with the Mercians
Mercian power was ascending with Wulfhere of Mercia advancing into Jutish southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in about 661. Then according to Bede, Æthelwealh travelled to Mercia to be baptised, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex, with Wulfhere as his godfather. Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' recorded that Æthelwealh, also married Eafe, who was the daughter of Eanfrith, a ruler of the Christian Hwicce people. Bede goes on to say that Wulfhere presented the Isle of Wight and Meonwara to Æthelwealh. This alliance between the South Saxons and the Mercians and their control of southern England and the Isle of Wight was a challenge to the West Saxons, whose power base at the time was in the upper Thames area. Wilfrid, the exiled bishop of York, came to Sussex in 681 and converted the people of Sussex and the Isle of Wight to Christianity. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded the Episcopal See of the South Saxons with its seat at Selsey Abbey.
Союз с мерсийцами
Æthelwealh (fl. c. 660 – c. 685) was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex. Background
The legendary foundation of the kingdom of Sussex, was in 477, when according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle of Sussex and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymenshore and fought against the local Britons. The foundation story is regarded with some skepticism by most academics. The archaeological evidence, based on the cemeteries of the 5th century, shows that the main area of settlement was between the lower Ouse and Cuckmere rivers in East Sussex. However, by Æthelwealh's time the kingdom of the South Saxons seems to have been concentrated in the Selsey area, in the south west of Sussex. Ælle, the first king of the South Saxons was followed by Cissa of Sussex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. There is a 150 year gap between Ælle, whose ancestry can not be established, and Æthelwealh, whose ancestry is more secure. Alliance with the Mercians
Mercian power was ascending with Wulfhere of Mercia advancing into Jutish southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in about 661. Then according to Bede, Æthelwealh travelled to Mercia to be baptised, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex, with Wulfhere as his godfather. Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' recorded that Æthelwealh, also married Eafe, who was the daughter of Eanfrith, a ruler of the Christian Hwicce people. Bede goes on to say that Wulfhere presented the Isle of Wight and Meonwara to Æthelwealh. This alliance between the South Saxons and the Mercians and their control of southern England and the Isle of Wight was a challenge to the West Saxons, whose power base at the time was in the upper Thames area. Wilfrid, the exiled bishop of York, came to Sussex in 681 and converted the people of Sussex and the Isle of Wight to Christianity. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded the Episcopal See of the South Saxons with its seat at Selsey Abbey.
Власть мерсийцев росла: Вульфер Мерсийский продвигался в южный Гэмпшир и на остров Уайт около 661 года. Затем, по словам Беды, Этельвеал отправился в Мерсию, чтобы креститься, став первым христианским королём Сассекса, а Вульфер стал его крестным отцом. В своей «Церковной истории народа англов» Беда записал, что Этельвеал также женился на Ифе, дочери Эанфрита, правителя христианского народа Хвикке. Беда продолжает утверждать, что Вульфер подарил Этельвеалу остров Уайт и Меонвару. Этот союз между Южными Саксами и мерсийцами, а также их контроль над южной Англией и островом Уайт представляли собой вызов для западных саксов, чья база власти в то время находилась в верховьях Темзы. Уилфрид, изгнанный епископ Йоркский, прибыл в Сассекс в 681 году и обратил жителей Сассекса и острова Уайт в христианство. Этельвеал дал Уилфриду землю в Селси, где тот основал епископскую резиденцию Южных Саксов с кафедрой в аббатстве Селси.
Æthelwealh (fl. c. 660 – c. 685) was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex. Background
The legendary foundation of the kingdom of Sussex, was in 477, when according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle of Sussex and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymenshore and fought against the local Britons. The foundation story is regarded with some skepticism by most academics. The archaeological evidence, based on the cemeteries of the 5th century, shows that the main area of settlement was between the lower Ouse and Cuckmere rivers in East Sussex. However, by Æthelwealh's time the kingdom of the South Saxons seems to have been concentrated in the Selsey area, in the south west of Sussex. Ælle, the first king of the South Saxons was followed by Cissa of Sussex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. There is a 150 year gap between Ælle, whose ancestry can not be established, and Æthelwealh, whose ancestry is more secure. Alliance with the Mercians
Mercian power was ascending with Wulfhere of Mercia advancing into Jutish southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in about 661. Then according to Bede, Æthelwealh travelled to Mercia to be baptised, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex, with Wulfhere as his godfather. Bede in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People'' recorded that Æthelwealh, also married Eafe, who was the daughter of Eanfrith, a ruler of the Christian Hwicce people. Bede goes on to say that Wulfhere presented the Isle of Wight and Meonwara to Æthelwealh. This alliance between the South Saxons and the Mercians and their control of southern England and the Isle of Wight was a challenge to the West Saxons, whose power base at the time was in the upper Thames area. Wilfrid, the exiled bishop of York, came to Sussex in 681 and converted the people of Sussex and the Isle of Wight to Christianity. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded the Episcopal See of the South Saxons with its seat at Selsey Abbey.
Западный саксонский переход
Кедвалла был западносаксонским принцем, который, по всей видимости, был изгнан Сентвином, королем Уэссекса. Кедвалла провел свою ссылку в лесах Чилтерн и Вилд, и в какой-то момент подружился с Уилфридом. Кедвалла поклялся, что если Уилфрид станет его духовным отцом, то он будет его послушным сыном. Согласно преданию, Кедвалла вторгся в Сассекс около 686 года и встретился с Этельвеальхом в точке в Саут-Даунс к юго-востоку от Стоутона, недалеко от границы с Гэмпширом, и именно там Этельвеаль был разбит и убит. Согласно тому же преданию, Этельвеаль похоронен в южном кургане группы курганов, отмечающих это место. Вторжение было остановлено, когда Кедвалла был изгнан двумя еалдрманами Этельвеальха, Берхтуном и Андуном. В 687 году Кедвалла стал королем Западных саксов и началось новое вторжение в Сассекс, которое на этот раз увенчалось успехом. Беда описывает, насколько жестоко Кедвалла подавил Южных саксов. После победы Кедвалла немедленно вызвал Уилфрида и сделал его своим верховным советником по всему королевству. Затем, когда Уилфрид вернулся на север в 686 году, епископство Сельси было включено в состав епархии Западных саксов в Винчестере. В светских делах Сассекс подчинялся западносаксонским королям, а в церковных – винчестерским епископам.
Отношения с Кент
В Кенте Хлотер был правителем с 673/4 года. Это продолжалось до тех пор, пока его племянник Эдрик Кентский не восстал против него и не ушел в Сассекс, где, при помощи Этельвеала, собрал южносаксонское войско. Эдрик смог победить Хлотера примерно в 685 году и стать правителем Кента. После смерти Этельвеала от руки Кедваллы, Вильгельм Мальмсберийский предполагает, что Эдрик стал королем южносаксонского королевства. Однако в 686 году войско вестсаксов вторглось в Кент под предводительством Кедваллы и его брата Мула, они свергли Эдрика и сделали Мула королем Кента.