Введение
Гней Корнелий Лентул Клодиан (родился в 115 г. до н.э.) — римский политик и военачальник, один из двух консулов Республики в 72 г. до н.э. вместе с Луцием Геллием. Тесно связанный с семьёй Помпея, он известен тем, что был одним из консульских генералов, командовавших римскими легионами против армий рабов Спартака в Третьей рабской войне.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus (born 115 BC) was a Roman politician and general who was one of two Consuls of the Republic in 72 BC along with Lucius Gellius. Closely linked to the family of Pompey, he is noted for being one of the consular generals who led Roman legions against the slave armies of Spartacus in the Third Servile War.
Биография
Хотя Клодиан родился в плебейской семье Клавдиев Марцеллов, он был усыновлен патрицием из рода Корнелиев Лентулов, возможно, как приемный сын Гнея Корнелия Лентула. Будучи сторонником Гнея Помпея Великого, он, вероятно, служил под командованием Помпея во время его особого поручения в Испании. Избранный претором около 75 г. до н.э., благодаря своим связям с Помпеем он был избран консулом в 72 г. до н.э.
Clodianus soon was involved in protecting Pompey's interests, pushing a bill to validate grants of citizenship by Pompey in Hispania. He and his colleague also ensured that no Roman citizen in the provinces could be tried in absentia on a capital charge – an attempt to restrict the ravages of Gaius Verres in Sicily. Finally, Clodianus proposed a bill for recovering payment, which Lucius Cornelius Sulla had remitted, from those who had bought the confiscated property of those who suffered under the Sullan proscriptions. However, the major event of his consulship was the revolt of Spartacus and the eruption of the Third Servile War. Having won a number of victories against ill prepared Roman forces, the Senate now recognised Spartacus as a serious threat and sent both the consuls to confront the slave armies at the head of four legions. Clodianus moved to block Spartacus's march northward, while his colleague Publicola moved in behind, hoping to catch the rebels between the two armies. However, Spartacus's slave army destroyed Clodianus' legions in the Apennine Mountains (near modern Pistoia) in the valley named Lentula, and then turned and defeated the oncoming legions of Publicola. Gathering their shattered forces, both consuls gave chase but were once again defeated at a battle near Picenum. Humiliated by these defeats, shortly afterward, in early autumn, Clodianus and Publicola were withdrawn as commanders by the Roman senate, and command of the war given to Marcus Licinius Crassus. This setback to Clodianus's career was only temporary; with the support of Pompey, both Clodianus and Publicola were appointed censor in 70 BC. They began a systematic purge of the senate, removing some sixty four senators, among them a number of individuals connected to the trial of Oppianicus, as well as some important individuals such as Gaius Antonius Hybrida and Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura. However, the majority of those expelled were acquitted by the courts and restored to their former position. They also identified 910,000 citizens and possibly named Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus as Princeps Senatus. In 70 BC, Clodianus helped contribute to Cicero's famous prosecution of the corrupt governor Verres by submitting evidence in support of Cicero's case. By 67 BC, Clodianus was serving as a legate with praetorian imperium under Pompey, who had received an extraordinary command to rid the Mediterranean Sea of pirates. Clodianus was given command of the east coast of Italy, with his fleet patrolling the coast of the Adriatic Sea. By 66 BC he was back in Rome, where he gave his support to the Lex Manilia, which gave Pompey command of the war against King Mithridates VI of Pontus. Although Clodianus was a noted orator, it was said that he hid his lack of talent through showmanship and the possession of a good voice.
Клодиан вскоре занялся защитой интересов Помпея, продвигая законопроект об утверждении предоставленных Помпеем в Испании прав гражданства. Он и его коллега также добились того, чтобы ни один римский гражданин в провинциях не мог быть судим заочно по обвинению, наказуемому смертной казнью, – это была попытка ограничить злоупотребления Гая Верреса на Сицилии. Наконец, Клодиан предложил законопроект о взыскании платежей, аннулированных Луцием Корнелием Суллой, с тех, кто приобрел конфискованное имущество лиц, пострадавших во время сулланских проскрипций. Однако главным событием его консульства стало восстание Спартака и начало Третьей Рабской войны. После ряда побед над неподготовленными римскими войсками Сенат признал Спартака серьезной угрозой и направил обоих консулов для противостояния армиям рабов во главе с четырьмя легионами. Клодиан двинулся, чтобы преградить Спартаку путь на север, а его коллега Публикола обошел с тыла, надеясь зажать повстанцев между двумя армиями. Однако армия Спартака уничтожила легионы Клодиана в Апеннинских горах (вблизи современной Пистои) в долине, названной Лентула, а затем обратила в бегство наступающие легионы Публиколы. Собрав остатки своих сил, оба консула преследовали Спартака, но потерпели еще одно поражение в битве близ Пицена. Униженные этими поражениями, вскоре после этого, в начале осени, Клодиан и Публикола были отстранены от командования римским сенатом, а командование войной передано Марку Лицинию Крассу. Этот удар по карьере Клодиана оказался лишь временным: при поддержке Помпея и Клодиан, и Публикола были назначены цензорами в 70 г. до н.э. Они начали систематическую чистку сената, исключив около шестидесяти четырех сенаторов, в том числе ряд лиц, связанных с судом над Оппиаником, а также таких видных деятелей, как Гай Антоний Гибрида и Публий Корнелий Лентул Сура. Однако большинство исключенных были оправданы судами и восстановлены в своих должностях. Они также идентифицировали 910 000 граждан и, возможно, назначили Мамерка Эмилия Лепида Ливиана Princeps Senatus. В 70 г. до н.э. Клодиан оказал содействие знаменитому судебному преследованию Цицероном коррумпированного наместника Верреса, предоставив доказательства в поддержку обвинения. К 67 г. до н.э. Клодиан служил легатом с преторианской властью под командованием Помпея, которому было поручено особое командование для искоренения пиратства в Средиземном море. Клодиану было поручено командовать восточным побережьем Италии, а его флот патрулировал побережье Адриатического моря. К 66 г. до н.э. он вернулся в Рим, где поддержал Lex Manilia, предоставившую Помпею командование войной против царя Митридата VI Понтийского. Хотя Клодиан был известным оратором, говорили, что он скрывал отсутствие таланта за счет эффектной манеры выступления и приятного голоса.
Clodianus soon was involved in protecting Pompey's interests, pushing a bill to validate grants of citizenship by Pompey in Hispania. He and his colleague also ensured that no Roman citizen in the provinces could be tried in absentia on a capital charge – an attempt to restrict the ravages of Gaius Verres in Sicily. Finally, Clodianus proposed a bill for recovering payment, which Lucius Cornelius Sulla had remitted, from those who had bought the confiscated property of those who suffered under the Sullan proscriptions. However, the major event of his consulship was the revolt of Spartacus and the eruption of the Third Servile War. Having won a number of victories against ill prepared Roman forces, the Senate now recognised Spartacus as a serious threat and sent both the consuls to confront the slave armies at the head of four legions. Clodianus moved to block Spartacus's march northward, while his colleague Publicola moved in behind, hoping to catch the rebels between the two armies. However, Spartacus's slave army destroyed Clodianus' legions in the Apennine Mountains (near modern Pistoia) in the valley named Lentula, and then turned and defeated the oncoming legions of Publicola. Gathering their shattered forces, both consuls gave chase but were once again defeated at a battle near Picenum. Humiliated by these defeats, shortly afterward, in early autumn, Clodianus and Publicola were withdrawn as commanders by the Roman senate, and command of the war given to Marcus Licinius Crassus. This setback to Clodianus's career was only temporary; with the support of Pompey, both Clodianus and Publicola were appointed censor in 70 BC. They began a systematic purge of the senate, removing some sixty four senators, among them a number of individuals connected to the trial of Oppianicus, as well as some important individuals such as Gaius Antonius Hybrida and Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura. However, the majority of those expelled were acquitted by the courts and restored to their former position. They also identified 910,000 citizens and possibly named Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus as Princeps Senatus. In 70 BC, Clodianus helped contribute to Cicero's famous prosecution of the corrupt governor Verres by submitting evidence in support of Cicero's case. By 67 BC, Clodianus was serving as a legate with praetorian imperium under Pompey, who had received an extraordinary command to rid the Mediterranean Sea of pirates. Clodianus was given command of the east coast of Italy, with his fleet patrolling the coast of the Adriatic Sea. By 66 BC he was back in Rome, where he gave his support to the Lex Manilia, which gave Pompey command of the war against King Mithridates VI of Pontus. Although Clodianus was a noted orator, it was said that he hid his lack of talent through showmanship and the possession of a good voice.