Введение
Английская писательница и деятельница церкви (1823–1901)
Шарлотта Мэри Йонге (11 августа 1823 – 24 марта 1901) – английская писательница, посвятившая свое творчество служению церкви. Ее многочисленные произведения способствовали распространению влияния Оксфордского движения и отражали ее глубокий интерес к вопросам общественного здравоохранения и санитарии.
Жизнь
Шарлотта Мэри Йонге родилась в Оттерборне, Гэмпшир, Англия, 11 августа 1823 года в семье Уильяма Йонге и Фанни Йонге, урождённой Баргус. Она получила домашнее образование от отца, изучая латынь, греческий, французский язык, геометрию Евклида и алгебру. Уроки отца могли быть суровыми:
Yonge's devotion to her father was lifelong and her relations with him seem to have set the standard for all other relations, including marriage. His "approbation was throughout life my bliss; his anger my misery for the time." Yonge was born into a religious family. Devoted to the High church, she was much influenced by John Keble, Vicar of Hursley from 1835, a near neighbour and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Yonge was herself sometimes referred to as "the novelist of the Oxford Movement", as her work frequently reflects values and concerns of Anglo Catholicism. She remained in Otterbourne all her life and taught for 71 years in the village Sunday school. Her house, 'Elderfield', became a Grade II listed building in 1984. In 1858 she paid for the construction of a combined school and chapel of ease to Hursley parish church in the village of Pitt. It was designed by William Butterfield and, like Elderfield, has been a Grade II listed building since 1984. In 1868 a new parish was formed to the south of Yonge's home village of Otterbourne. This was to contain the villages of Eastley and Barton. Yonge donated £500 towards the Church of the Resurrection, the Church of England parish church, and was asked to choose which of the two villages the parish should be named after. She chose Eastley, but decided that it should be spelt Eastleigh as she perceived this as being more modern. Yonge died in her home village of Otterbourne on 24 March 1901. Her obituary in The Times stated,
Her friends, and especially her poorer neighbours, knew both the strength and the winning charm of her character. Thus the late Archbishop Benson noted in his diary her "odd majesty and kindliness, which are very strong." But it is of course as a writer that Miss Yonge will be remembered. She had an inventive mind and a ready pen, and a bare list of the books written or edited by her would probably occupy nearly a whole column of The Times. She wrote chiefly for young people, especially young girls, and her books are the result not only of a strong ethical purpose, but also of her firm devotion to the High Church view of Christian doctrine and practice.
Преданность Йонге своему отцу была на всю жизнь, и её отношения с ним, кажется, установили эталон для всех остальных отношений, включая брак. Его «одобрение было моим счастьем на протяжении всей жизни, а его гнев – моим несчастьем на время». Йонге родилась в религиозной семье. Приверженная Высокой церкви, она находилась под сильным влиянием Джона Кебла, викария Хёрсли с 1835 года, ближайшего соседа и одного из лидеров Оксфордского движения. Саму Йонге иногда называли «романисткой Оксфордского движения», поскольку её творчество часто отражает ценности и заботы англо-католицизма. Она прожила всю жизнь в Оттерборне и 71 год преподавала в деревенской воскресной школе. Её дом, «Элдерфилд», в 1984 году получил статус памятника архитектуры II степени. В 1858 году она оплатила строительство объединённой школы и приходской часовни при церкви Хёрсли в деревне Питт. Проект разработал Уильям Баттерфилд, и, как и «Элдерфилд», здание в 1984 году получило статус памятника архитектуры II степени. В 1868 году к югу от родного села Йонге, Оттерборна, была образована новая приходская община, включавшая деревни Истли и Бартон. Йонге пожертвовала 500 фунтов стерлингов на строительство церкви Воскресения, приходской церкви Англиканской церкви, и её попросили выбрать, в честь какой из двух деревень будет назван приход. Она выбрала Истли, но решила, что его следует писать как Истли, поскольку считала это более современным написанием. Йонге умерла в родном селе Оттерборн 24 марта 1901 года. В её некрологе в «Таймс» говорилось:
Yonge's devotion to her father was lifelong and her relations with him seem to have set the standard for all other relations, including marriage. His "approbation was throughout life my bliss; his anger my misery for the time." Yonge was born into a religious family. Devoted to the High church, she was much influenced by John Keble, Vicar of Hursley from 1835, a near neighbour and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Yonge was herself sometimes referred to as "the novelist of the Oxford Movement", as her work frequently reflects values and concerns of Anglo Catholicism. She remained in Otterbourne all her life and taught for 71 years in the village Sunday school. Her house, 'Elderfield', became a Grade II listed building in 1984. In 1858 she paid for the construction of a combined school and chapel of ease to Hursley parish church in the village of Pitt. It was designed by William Butterfield and, like Elderfield, has been a Grade II listed building since 1984. In 1868 a new parish was formed to the south of Yonge's home village of Otterbourne. This was to contain the villages of Eastley and Barton. Yonge donated £500 towards the Church of the Resurrection, the Church of England parish church, and was asked to choose which of the two villages the parish should be named after. She chose Eastley, but decided that it should be spelt Eastleigh as she perceived this as being more modern. Yonge died in her home village of Otterbourne on 24 March 1901. Her obituary in The Times stated,
Her friends, and especially her poorer neighbours, knew both the strength and the winning charm of her character. Thus the late Archbishop Benson noted in his diary her "odd majesty and kindliness, which are very strong." But it is of course as a writer that Miss Yonge will be remembered. She had an inventive mind and a ready pen, and a bare list of the books written or edited by her would probably occupy nearly a whole column of The Times. She wrote chiefly for young people, especially young girls, and her books are the result not only of a strong ethical purpose, but also of her firm devotion to the High Church view of Christian doctrine and practice.
Её друзья, и особенно её бедные соседи, знали как силу, так и обаяние её характера. Так, покойный архиепископ Бенсон в своём дневнике отметил её «необычное величие и доброту, которые очень сильны». Но, конечно, мисс Йонге запомнится как писательница. У неё был изобретательный ум и лёгкое перо, и простой перечень книг, написанных или отредактированных ею, вероятно, занял бы почти целую колонку в «Таймс». Она писала главным образом для молодёжи, особенно для юных девушек, и её книги являются результатом не только сильной этической цели, но и её твёрдой приверженности взглядам Высокой церкви на христианское учение и практику.
Yonge's devotion to her father was lifelong and her relations with him seem to have set the standard for all other relations, including marriage. His "approbation was throughout life my bliss; his anger my misery for the time." Yonge was born into a religious family. Devoted to the High church, she was much influenced by John Keble, Vicar of Hursley from 1835, a near neighbour and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Yonge was herself sometimes referred to as "the novelist of the Oxford Movement", as her work frequently reflects values and concerns of Anglo Catholicism. She remained in Otterbourne all her life and taught for 71 years in the village Sunday school. Her house, 'Elderfield', became a Grade II listed building in 1984. In 1858 she paid for the construction of a combined school and chapel of ease to Hursley parish church in the village of Pitt. It was designed by William Butterfield and, like Elderfield, has been a Grade II listed building since 1984. In 1868 a new parish was formed to the south of Yonge's home village of Otterbourne. This was to contain the villages of Eastley and Barton. Yonge donated £500 towards the Church of the Resurrection, the Church of England parish church, and was asked to choose which of the two villages the parish should be named after. She chose Eastley, but decided that it should be spelt Eastleigh as she perceived this as being more modern. Yonge died in her home village of Otterbourne on 24 March 1901. Her obituary in The Times stated,
Her friends, and especially her poorer neighbours, knew both the strength and the winning charm of her character. Thus the late Archbishop Benson noted in his diary her "odd majesty and kindliness, which are very strong." But it is of course as a writer that Miss Yonge will be remembered. She had an inventive mind and a ready pen, and a bare list of the books written or edited by her would probably occupy nearly a whole column of The Times. She wrote chiefly for young people, especially young girls, and her books are the result not only of a strong ethical purpose, but also of her firm devotion to the High Church view of Christian doctrine and practice.
Литературная карьера
Йонге начала писать в 1848 году и за свою долгую жизнь опубликовала около 160 работ, преимущественно романы. Ее первый коммерческий успех, «Наследник Редклиффа» (1853), предоставил средства для введения в строй шхуны «Южный Крест» от имени Джорджа Селвина. Аналогичные благотворительные проекты финансировались за счет прибыли от более поздних романов. Йонге также была основателем и редактором журнала The Monthly Packet на протяжении 40 лет, начиная с 1851 года. Журнал имел разнообразную аудиторию, но был ориентирован в первую очередь на британских англиканских девушек, хотя со временем его читательская аудитория несколько расширилась. Ее крестница, Элис Мэри Колридж, сотрудничала с журналом под псевдонимом «Гургуль», оформляя обложки и публикуя переводы, статьи и стихи. После смерти Йонге ее подруга, помощница и соавтор Кристабель Колридж опубликовала биографию «Шарлотта Мэри Йонге: жизнь и письма» (1903).